Grazing offsets the stimulating effects of nitrogen addition on soil CH4 emissions in a meadow steppe in Northeast China

English version

Autoři: Rongrong Ren ^aff001; Wanling Xu ^aff001; Mingming Zhao ^aff001; Wei Sun ^aff001
Působiště autorů: Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China ^aff001
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225862

Souhrn

Grazing is the most common land use type for grasslands, and grazing may alter the impacts of the predicted enhancement of nitrogen deposition on soil CH₄ flux. To understand the effects of nitrogen addition, grazing, and their interactions on soil CH₄ flux, we conducted a field study on CH₄ flux in a meadow steppe in Northeast China from 2017 to 2018. We measured the soil CH₄ flux and soil physiochemical and vegetation parameters. The studied meadow steppe soil acted as a CH₄ source due to the legacy effects of an extreme rainfall event. During the experimental period, the average CH₄ fluxes were 7.8 ± 1.0, 5.8 ± 0.5, 9.3 ± 0.9 and 7.6 ± 0.6 μg m^-2 h^-1 for the CK (control), G (grazing), N (nitrogen addition) and NG (grazing and nitrogen addition) treatments, respectively. The cumulative CH₄ fluxes were 24.9 ± 2.6, 11.5 ± 4.9, 28.8 ± 4.2 and 17.8 ± 3.5 μg m^-2 yr^-1 for the CK, G, N and NG treatments, respectively. The N addition increased the average CH₄ flux by 19%, and the grazing treatment reduced it by 25%. The soil CH₄ flux was positively correlated with the 0–10 cm soil water filled pore space (P < 0.01), soil NH₄⁺-N (P < 0.01) and soil NO₃^--N (P < 0.01), but negatively correlated with the 0–10 cm soil temperature (P < 0.01), except for the sampling dates that were strongly influenced by the extreme rainfall event. The average CH₄ flux was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the grazing and N addition treatments with the N addition treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased the CH₄ flux, whereas grazing significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the CH₄ flux. Grazing offset the stimulating effects of N addition on CH₄ flux, and there was no difference (P = 0.79) in the CH₄ flux between the CK and NG plots. In summary, moderate grazing has the potential to reduce the negative impacts of N addition on CH₄ flux and can increase the capacity of the soil CH₄ sink in the studied meadow steppe.

Klíčová slova:

Cattle – Edaphology – Biomass – Rain – Grasslands – Grazing – Oxidation – Soil pH

Zdroje

1. Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner GK, Tignor MMB, Allen SK, Boschung J, et al. (2013) Climate change 2013 the physical science basis: Working Group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. 1–1535 p.

2. Tate KR (2015) Soil methane oxidation and land-use change—from process to mitigation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 80: 260–272.

3. Lilly A, Ball BC, McTaggart IP, Degroote J (2009) Spatial modelling of nitrous oxide emissions at the national scale using soil, climate and land use information. Global Change Biology 15: 2321–2332.

4. Smith KA, Ball T, Conen F, Dobbie KE, Massheder J, Rey A (2003) Exchange of greenhouse gases between soil and atmosphere: Interactions of soil physical factors and biological processes. European Journal of Soil Science 54: 779–791.

5. Wanyama I, Pelster DE, Butterbach-Bahl K, Verchot LV, Martius C, Rufino MC. (2019) Soil carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from forests and other land use types in an African tropical montane region. Biogeochemistry 143: 171–190.

6. Guetlein A, Gerschlauer F, Kikoti I, Kiese R (2018) Impacts of climate and land use on N2O and CH4 fluxes from tropical ecosystems in the Mt. Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. Global Change Biology 24: 1239–1255. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13944 29044840

7. Zhou M, Zhu B, Brueggemann N, Bergmann J, Wang Y, Butterbach-Bahl K (2014) N2O and CH4 emissions, and NO3- leaching on a crop-yield basis from a subtropical rain-fed wheat-maize rotation in response to different types of nitrogen fertilizer. Ecosystems 17: 286–301.

8. Li J, Nie M, Pendall E (2019) An incubation study of temperature sensitivity of greenhouse gas fluxes in three land-cover types near Sydney, Australia. Science of The Total Environment 688: 324–332. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.206 31233914

9. Liu L, Zhang X, Lu X (2016) The composition, seasonal variation, and potential sources of the atmospheric wet sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition in the southwest of China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23: 6363–6375. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5844-1 26620861

10. Jang I, Lee S, Zoh KD, Kang H (2011) Methane concentrations and methanotrophic community structure influence the response of soil methane oxidation to nitrogen content in a temperate forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43: 620–627.

11. Mosier AR, Parton WJ, Phongpan S (1998) Long-term large N and immediate small N addition effects on trace gas fluxes in the colorado shortgrass steppe. Biology and Fertility of Soils 28: 44–50.

12. Zhuang Q, Chen M, Xu K, Tang J, Saikawa E, Lu Y, et al. (2013) Response of global soil consumption of atmospheric methane to changes in atmospheric climate and nitrogen deposition. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 27: 650–663.

13. Liu L, Greaver TL (2009) A review of nitrogen enrichment effects on three biogenic GHGs: the CO2 sink may be largely offset by stimulated N2O and CH4 emission. Ecology Letters 12: 1103–1117. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01351.x 19694782

14. Chen S, Hao T, Goulding K, Misselbrook T, Liu X (2019) Impact of 13-years of nitrogen addition on nitrous oxide and methane fluxes and ecosystem respiration in a temperate grassland. Environmental Pollution 252: 675–681. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.069 31185356

15. Kim YS, Imori M, Watanabe M, Hatano R, Yi MJ, Koike T (2012) Simulated nitrogen inputs influence methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from a young larch plantation in northern Japan. Atmospheric Environment 46: 36–44.

16. Schönbach P, Wolf B, Dickhöfer U, Wiesmeier M, Chen W, Wan H, et al. (2012) Grazing effects on the greenhouse gas balance of a temperate steppe ecosystem. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 93: 357–371.

17. Skiba U, Jones SK, Drewer J, Helfter C, Anderson M, Dinsmore K, et al. (2013) Comparison of soil greenhouse gas fluxes from extensive and intensive grazing in a temperate maritime climate. Biogeosciences 10: 1231–1241.

18. Tang S, Zhang Y, Zhai X, Wilkes A, Wang C, Wang K. (2018) Effect of grazing on methane uptake from Eurasian steppe of China. BMC Ecology 18 (1): 11. doi: 10.1186/s12898-018-0168-x 29558936

19. Cui X, Wang Y, Niu H, Wu J, Wang S, Schnug E, et al. (2005) Effect of long-term grazing on soil organic carbon content in semiarid steppes in Inner Mongolia. Ecological Research 20: 519–527.

20. Frank DA, Gehring CA, Machut L, Phillips M (2003) Soil community composition and the regulation of grazed temperate grassland. Oecologia 137: 603–609. doi: 10.1007/s00442-003-1385-2 14513350

21. Gao YZ, Giese M, Lin S, Sattelmacher B, Zhao Y, Brueck H (2008) Belowground net primary productivity and biomass allocation of a grassland in Inner Mongolia is affected by grazing intensity. Plant and Soil 307: 41–50.

22. Liu C, Holst J, Brüggemann N, Butterbach-Bahl K, Yao Z, Yue J, et al. (2007) Winter-grazing reduces methane uptake by soils of a typical semi-arid steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. Atmospheric Environment 41: 5948–5958.

23. Yates CJ, Norton DA, Hobbs RJ (2000) Grazing effects on plant cover, soil and microclimate in fragmented woodlands in south-western Australia: Implications for restoration. Austral Ecology 25: 36–47.

24. Zhou XQ, Wang YF, Huang XZ, Tian JQ, Hao YB (2008) Effect of grazing intensities on the activity and community structure of methane-oxidizing bacteria of grassland soil in Inner Mongolia. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 80: 145–152.

25. Cui H, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Chen S, Ma JY, Sun W. (2015) Carbon isotope composition of nighttime leaf-respired CO2 in the agricultural-pastoral zone of the songnen plain, northeast China. PLoS ONE 10 (9).

26. Wang Y, Jiang Q, Yang Z, Sun W, Wang D (2015) Effects of water and nitrogen addition on ecosystem carbon exchange in a meadow steppe. PLoS ONE 10 (5).

27. Yu P, Liu S, Xu Q, Fan G, Huang Y, Zhou DW (2019) Response of soil nutrients and stoichiometric ratios to short-term land use conversions in a salt-affected region, northeastern China. Ecological Engineering 129: 22–28.

28. Spaargaren O C., Deckers J (1998) The World Reference Base for Soil Resources. pp. 21–28.

29. Shi B, Wang Y, Meng B, Zhong S, Sun W (2018) Effects of nitrogen addition on the drought susceptibility of the Leymus chinensis meadow ecosystem vary with drought duration. Frontiers in Plant Science 9.

30. Shi B, Xu W, Zhu Y, Wang C, Loik ME, Sun W. (2019) Heterogeneity of grassland soil respiration: Antagonistic effects of grazing and nitrogen addition. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 268: 215–223.

31. Xu M, Cheng S, Fang H, Yu G, Gao W, Wang YS, et al. (2014) Low-level nitrogen addition promotes net methane uptake in a boreal forest across the Great Xing'an Mountain Region, China. Forest Science 60: 973–981.

32. Wang X, Zhang Y, Huang D, Li Z, Zhang X (2015) Methane uptake and emissions in a typical steppe grazing system during the grazing season. Atmospheric Environment 105: 14–21.

33. Jiang C, Yu G, Fang H, Cao G, Li Y (2010) Short-term effect of increasing nitrogen deposition on CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Atmospheric Environment 44: 2920–2926.

34. Bai W, Fang Y, Zhou M, Xie T, Li L, Zhang WH (2015) Heavily intensified grazing reduces root production in an Inner Mongolia temperate steppe. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 200: 143–150.

35. Cardoso AS, Brito LF, Janusckiewicz ER, Morgado ES, Barbero RP, Koscheck JFW, et al. (2017) Impact of grazing intensity and seasons on greenhouse gas emissions in tropical grassland. Ecosystems 20: 845–859.

36. Courtois EA, Stahl C, Van den Berge J, Bréchet L, Van Langenhove L, Richter A, et al. (2018) Spatial variation of soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes across topographical positions in tropical forests of the Guiana Shield. Ecosystems 21: 1445–1458.

37. Liu M, Liu G, Gong L, Wang D, Sun J (2014) Relationships of biomass with environmental factors in the grassland area of Hulunbuir, China. PLoS ONE 9.

38. Wang Y, Chen H, Zhu Q, Peng C, Wu N, Yang G, et al. (2014) Soil methane uptake by grasslands and forests in China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 74: 70–81.

39. Wang Y, Xue M, Zheng X, Ji B, Du R, Wang YF (2005) Effects of environmental factors on N2O emission from and CH4 uptake by the typical grasslands in the Inner Mongolia. Chemosphere 58: 205–215. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.043 15571752

40. Li Y, Dong S, Liu S, Zhou H, Gao Q, Cao G, et al. (2015) Seasonal changes of CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in different types of alpine grassland in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 80: 306–314.

41. Petrakis S, Seyfferth A, Kan J, Inamdar S, Vargas R (2017) Influence of experimental extreme water pulses on greenhouse gas emissions from soils. Biogeochemistry 133: 147–164.

42. Liu C, Holst J, Brüggemann N, Butterbach-Bahl K, Yao Z, Han S, et al. (2008) Effects of irrigation on nitrous oxide, methane and carbon dioxide fluxes in an Inner Mongolian steppe. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 25: 748–756.

43. Fang H, Cheng S, Yu G, Cooch J, Wang Y, Xu M, et al. (2014) Low-level nitrogen deposition significantly inhibits methane uptake from an alpine meadow soil on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Geoderma 213: 444–452.

44. Li X, Cheng S, Fang H, Yu G, Dang X, Xu MJ, et al. (2015) The contrasting effects of deposited NH4+ and NO3-on soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in a subtropical plantation, southern China. Ecological Engineering 85: 317–327.

45. Chen W, Zheng X, Chen Q, Wolf B, Butterbach-Bahl K, Brueggemann N, et al. (2013) Effects of increasing precipitation and nitrogen deposition on CH4 and N2O fluxes and ecosystem respiration in a degraded steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. Geoderma 192: 335–340.

46. Carlsen HN, Joergensen L, Degn H (1991) Inhibition by ammonia of methane utilization in Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 35: 124–127.

47. Schnell S, King GM (1994) Mechanistic analysis of ammonium inhibition of atmospheric methane consumption in forest soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60: 3514–3521. 16349403

48. Saari A, Rinnan R, Martikainen PJ (2004) Methane oxidation in boreal forest soils: Kinetics and sensitivity to pH and ammonium. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36: 1037–1046.

49. Bodelier PLE, Laanbroek HJ (2004) Nitrogen as a regulatory factor of methane oxidation in soils and sediments. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 47: 265–277. doi: 10.1016/S0168-6496(03)00304-0 19712315

50. Tian D, Niu S, Pan Q, Ren T, Chen S, Bai YF, et al. (2015) Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes and water use efficiency to nitrogen addition in Inner Mongolia grassland. Functional Ecology 30.

51. Wolf B, Zheng X, Brüggemann N, Chen W, Dannenmann M, Han XG, et al. (2010) Grazing-induced reduction of natural nitrous oxide release from continental steppe. Nature 464: 881–884. doi: 10.1038/nature08931 20376147

52. Conrad R (2007) Microbial Ecology of Methanogens and Methanotrophs. Advances in Agronomy: Academic Press. pp. 1–63.

53. St Pierre KA, Danielsen BK, Hermesdorf L, D'Imperio L, Iversen LL, Elberling B (2019) Drivers of net methane uptake across Greenlandic dry heath tundra landscapes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 138: 107605.

54. Liebig MA, Gross JR, Kronberg SL, Phillips RL, Hanson JD (2010) Grazing management contributions to net global warming potential: A long-term evaluation in the northern great plains. Journal of Environmental Quality 39: 799–809. doi: 10.2134/jeq2009.0272 20400576

55. Saggar S, Hedley CB, Giltrap DL, Lambie SM (2007) Measured and modelled estimates of nitrous oxide emission and methane consumption from a sheep-grazed pasture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 122: 357–365.

Grazing offsets the stimulating effects of nitrogen addition on soil CH4 emissions in a meadow steppe in Northeast China

Souhrn

Klíčová slova:

Zdroje

PLOS One

Aktuální možnosti diagnostiky a léčby litiáz