A new, fast method to search for morphological convergence with shape data
Autoři:
Silvia Castiglione aff001; Carmela Serio aff001; Davide Tamagnini aff002; Marina Melchionna aff001; Alessandro Mondanaro aff001; Mirko Di Febbraro aff004; Antonio Profico aff002; Paolo Piras aff005; Filippo Barattolo aff001; Pasquale Raia aff001
Působiště autorů:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
aff001; Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
aff002; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
aff003; Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, University of Molise, Pesche, Isernia, Italy
aff004; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
aff005; Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
aff006
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226949
Souhrn
Morphological convergence is an intensely studied macroevolutionary phenomenon. It refers to the morphological resemblance between phylogenetically distant taxa. Currently available methods to explore evolutionary convergence either: rely on the analysis of the phenotypic resemblance between sister clades as compared to their ancestor, fit different evolutionary regimes to different parts of the tree to see whether the same regime explains phenotypic evolution in phylogenetically distant clades, or assess deviations from the congruence between phylogenetic and phenotypic distances. We introduce a new test for morphological convergence working directly with non-ultrametric (i.e. paleontological) as well as ultrametric phylogenies and multivariate data. The method (developed as the function search.conv within the R package RRphylo) tests whether unrelated clades are morphologically more similar to each other than expected by their phylogenetic distance. It additionally permits using known phenotypes as the most recent common ancestors of clades, taking full advantage of fossil information. We assessed the power of search.conv and the incidence of false positives by means of simulations, and then applied it to three well-known and long-discussed cases of (purported) morphological convergence: the evolution of grazing adaptation in the mandible of ungulates with high-crowned molars, the evolution of mandibular shape in sabertooth cats, and the evolution of discrete ecomorphs among anoles of Caribbean islands. The search.conv method was found to be powerful, correctly identifying simulated cases of convergent morphological evolution in 95% of the cases. Type I error rate is as low as 4–6%. We found search.conv is some three orders of magnitude faster than a competing method for testing convergence.
Klíčová slova:
Phylogenetics – Phylogenetic analysis – Cats – Animal phylogenetics – Grazing – Convergent evolution – Paleogenetics – Research errors
Zdroje
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