"Tremendous financial burden": Crowdfunding for organ transplantation costs in Canada
Autoři:
Sarah J. Pol aff001; Jeremy Snyder aff003; Samantha J. Anthony aff001
Působiště autorů:
The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
aff001; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
aff002; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
aff003; Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
aff004; Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
aff005
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(12)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226686
Souhrn
Online crowdfunding platforms such as GoFundMe are used to raise funds for health-related expenses associated with medical conditions such as organ transplantation. By investigating crowdfunding in Canadian organ transplantation, this study aimed to increase understanding of the motivations and outcomes of organ transplantation crowdfunding. Canadian liver and kidney transplantation campaigns posted to GoFundMe between May 30 & 31 2018 were identified and after exclusion, 258 kidney and 171 liver campaigns were included in study. These campaigns were coded for: worthiness of the campaign recipient, requested financial and non-monetary contributions, how monetary donations would be spent, and comments on the Canadian health system, among others. Results suggest Canadian organ donors, transplant candidates, recipients, and their families and caregivers experience significant financial difficulties not addressed by the public health system. Living and medication costs, transportation and relocation expenses, and income loss were the expenses most commonly highlighted by campaigners. Liver campaigns raised nearly half their goal while kidney campaigns received 11.5% of their requested amount. Findings highlight disease burden and the use of crowdfunding as a response to the extraordinary costs associated with organ transplantation. Although crowdfunding reduces some financial burden, it does not do so equitably and raises ethical concerns.
Klíčová slova:
Pediatrics – Health economics – Finance – Kidneys – Organ transplantation – Renal transplantation – Liver transplantation – Liver
Zdroje
1. Helhoski A, Simons V. Seeking medical debt relief? Crowdfunding rarely pays the bills. Nerdwallet. 2016. Available from: https://www.nerdwallet.com/blog/loans/medical-debt-crowdfunding-bankruptcy/
2. McClanahan C. People are raising $650 million on GoFundMe each year to attack rising healthcare costs. Forbes. 2018. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/carolynmcclanahan/2018/08/13/using-gofundme-to-attack-health-care-costs/
3. Sisler J. Crowdfunding for medical expenses. CMAJ. 2012;184(2): E123–E124. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.109-4084 22231688
4. Berliner LS, Kenworthy NJ. Producing a worthy illness: Personal crowdfunding amidst financial crisis. Soc Sci Med. 2017;187: 233–242. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.02.008 28274601
5. Lukk M, Schneiderhan E, Soares J. Worthy? Crowdfunding the Canadian Health Care and Education Sectors. CRS. 2018;55(3): 404–424. doi: 10.1111/cars.12210 29984886
6. Newman M. Is cancer fundraising fuelling quackery? BMJ. 2018;362: k3829.
7. Canadian Institute for Health Information. Organ replacement in Canada: CORR annual statistics– 2018. Ottawa, ON: CIHI; 2018.
8. Levy AR, Sobolev B, James D, Barrable W, Clarke‐Richardson P, Sullivan SD, et al. The costs of change: direct medical costs of solid organ transplantation in British Columbia, Canada, 1995–2003. Value Health. 2009;12(2): 282–92. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2008.00445.x 18783395
9. The Canadian Lung Association. The cost of a lung transplant. 2017. Retrieved from https://www.ab.lung.ca/sitewyze/files/The_Cost_of_a_Lung_Transplant.pdf
10. Larson DB, Wiseman JF, Vock DM, Berglund DM, Roman AM, Ibrahim HN, et al. Financial burden associated with time to return to work after living kidney donation. Am J Transplant. 2019;19(1): 204–7. doi: 10.1111/ajt.14949 29799662
11. Murdoch B, Marcon AR, Downie D, Caulfield T. Media portrayal of illness-related medical crowdfunding: A content analysis of newspaper articles in the United States and Canada. PloS One. 2019;14(4): e0215805. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215805 31013310
12. Henderson ML, Clayville KA, Fisher JS, Kuntz KK, Mysel H, Purnell TS, et al. Social media and organ donation: Ethically navigating the next frontier. Am J Transplant. 2017 Nov;17(11): 2803–9. doi: 10.1111/ajt.14444 28744966
13. Durand WM, Peters JL, Eltorai AE, Kalagara S, Osband AJ, Daniels AH. Medical crowdfunding for organ transplantation. Clin Transplant. 2018;32(6): e13267. doi: 10.1111/ctr.13267 29683220
14. Gonzales AL, Kwon EY, Lynch T, Fritz N. “Better everyone should know our business than we lose our house”: Costs and benefits of medical crowdfunding for support, privacy, and identity. New Media Soc. 2018;20(2): 641–58.
15. Snyder J. Crowdfunding for medical care: Ethical issues in an emerging health care funding practice. Hastings Center Report. 2016;46(6): 36–42. doi: 10.1002/hast.645 27875643
16. Berliner LS, Kenworthy NJ. Producing a worthy illness: Personal crowdfunding amidst financial crisis. Soc Sci Med. 2017;187: 233–42. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.02.008 28274601
17. Snyder J, Crooks VA, Mathers A, Chow-White P. Appealing to the crowd: Ethical justifications in Canadian medical crowdfunding campaigns. J Med Ethics. 2017;43(6): 364–67. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2016-103933 28137998
18. The David Foster Foundation: Funding Guidelines. [cited 16 August 2019]. In Information for Families and Social Workers [Internet]. Available from: https://davidfosterfoundation.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/DFF-Funding-Guidelines-Brochure.pdf
19. Snyder J, Mathers A, Crooks VA. Fund my treatment!: A call for ethics-focused social science research into the use of crowdfunding for medical care. Soc Sci Med. 2016;169: 27–30. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.024 27665200
20. Canadian Institute for Health Information. Canadian Organ Replacement Registry. Ottawa, ON: CIHI; 2019.
Článok vyšiel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 12
- Metamizol jako analgetikum první volby: kdy, pro koho, jak a proč?
- Nejasný stín na plicích – kazuistika
- Masturbační chování žen v ČR − dotazníková studie
- Těžké menstruační krvácení může značit poruchu krevní srážlivosti. Jaký management vyšetření a léčby je v takovém případě vhodný?
- Fixní kombinace paracetamol/kodein nabízí synergické analgetické účinky
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Methylsulfonylmethane increases osteogenesis and regulates the mineralization of the matrix by transglutaminase 2 in SHED cells
- Oregano powder reduces Streptococcus and increases SCFA concentration in a mixed bacterial culture assay
- The characteristic of patulous eustachian tube patients diagnosed by the JOS diagnostic criteria
- Parametric CAD modeling for open source scientific hardware: Comparing OpenSCAD and FreeCAD Python scripts