From waste to food: Optimising the breakdown of oil palm waste to provide substrate for insects farmed as animal feed
Autoři:
Elizabeth Dickinson aff001; Mark Harrison aff002; Marc Parker aff002; Michael Dickinson aff002; James Donarski aff002; Adrian Charlton aff002; Rosie Nolan aff003; Aida Rafat aff004; Florence Gschwend aff004; Jason Hallett aff004; Maureen Wakefield aff002; Julie Wilson aff001
Působiště autorů:
Department of Mathematics, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
aff001; Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York, United Kingdom
aff002; Biorenewables Development Centre Ltd, Dunnington, York, United Kingdom
aff003; Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
aff004
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224771
Souhrn
Waste biomass from the palm oil industry is currently burned as a means of disposal and solutions are required to reduce the environmental impact. Whilst some waste biomass can be recycled to provide green energy such as biogas, this investigation aimed to optimise experimental conditions for recycling palm waste into substrate for insects, farmed as a sustainable high-protein animal feed. NMR spectroscopy and LC-HRMS were used to analyse the composition of palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) under experimental conditions optimised to produce nutritious substrate rather than biogas. Statistical pattern recognition techniques were used to investigate differences in composition for various combinations of pre-processing and anaerobic digestion (AD) methods. Pre-processing methods included steaming, pressure cooking, composting, microwaving, and breaking down the EFB using ionic liquids. AD conditions which were modified in combination with pre-processing methods were ratios of EFB:digestate and pH. Results show that the selection of pre-processing method affects the breakdown of the palm waste and subsequently the substrate composition and biogas production. Although large-scale insect feeding trials will be required to determine nutritional content, we found that conditions can be optimised to recycle palm waste for the production of substrate for insect rearing. Pre-processing EFB using ionic liquid before AD at pH6 with a 2:1 digestate:EFB ratio were found to be the best combination of experimental conditions.
Klíčová slova:
Insects – Oil palm – Data acquisition – Larvae – Metabolites – NMR spectroscopy – Biogas – Lignin
Zdroje
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