Thermostat wars? The roles of gender and thermal comfort negotiations in household energy use behavior
Autoři:
Nicole D. Sintov aff001; Lee V. White aff001; Hugh Walpole aff001
Působiště autorů:
School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
aff001
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224198
Souhrn
Although advanced thermostat technologies offer energy efficiency potential, these devices alone do not guarantee savings. Household occupants often deviate from thermostat programs, perhaps due to differing thermal comfort preferences, which are strong drivers of residential energy use and vary across genders. This study aims to develop an initial typology of interpersonal interactions around thermal comfort, explore the role of gender in such interactions, and examine the impacts of interactions on thermostat adjustments. Using n = 1568 diary observations collected from 112 participants, we identify three interaction types: conflicts, compromises, and agreements. Fixed effects analyses find that women are marginally more likely to report engaging in conflicts, whereas men are significantly more likely to report engaging in agreements and compromises, both of which are associated with greater likelihood of adjusting thermostats within a given day. This work represents an early step in investigating the multiply determined nature of household energy decisions.
Klíčová slova:
Behavior – Survey research – Surveys – Internet – Consciousness – Cell phones – Political parties – Apps
Zdroje
1. EIA. 2015 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Energy Consumption and Expenditures Tables. 2018.
2. Ürge-Vorsatz D, Cabeza LF, Serrano S, Barreneche C, Petrichenko K. Heating and cooling energy trends and drivers in buildings. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2015;41: 85–98. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.039
3. Nelson LW, MacArthur JW. Energy Savings Through Thermostat Setbacks. ASHRAE Trans. 1978;83: 319–333.
4. Sanchez M. Savings estimates for the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s ENERGY STAR voluntary product labeling program. Also Appear Energy Policy. 2008. Available: https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt9c59w1gq/qt9c59w1gq.pdf
5. Manning MM, Swinton MC, Szadkowski F, Gusdorf J, Ruest K. The Effects of thermostat setting on seasonal energy consumption at the CCHT Twin House Facility Maison expérimentale-Projet avec l’industrie et le Gouvernement fédéral View project Exterior Insulation Basement Systems (EIBS) View project. 2007. Available: http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
6. Meier A, Aragon C, Hurwitz B, Mujumdar D, Peffer T, Perry D, et al. How People Actually Use Thermostats. Berkeley, CA; 2010.
7. Pritoni M, Meier AK, Aragon C, Perry D, Peffer T. Energy efficiency and the misuse of programmable thermostats: The effectiveness of crowdsourcing for understanding household behavior. Energy Res Soc Sci. 2015;8: 190–197. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2015.06.002
8. Peffer T, Pritoni M, Meier A, Aragon C, Perry D. How people use thermostats in homes: A review. Build Environ. 2011;46: 2529–2541. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.06.002
9. Peffer T, Perry D, Pritoni M, Aragon C, Meier A. Facilitating energy savings with programmable thermostats: Evaluation and guidelines for the thermostat user interface. Ergonomics. 2013;56: 463–479. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2012.718370 23005033
10. Malinick T, Wilairat N, Holmes J, Perry L, Ware W. Destined to Disappoint: Programmable Thermostat Savings are Only as Good as the Assumptions about Their Operating Characteristics ENERGY STAR and Programmable Thermostats. 2012.
11. Karjalainen S. Gender differences in thermal comfort and use of thermostats in everyday thermal environments. Build Environ. 2007;42: 1594–1603. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.01.009
12. Walker IS, Meier AK. Residential Thermostats: Comfort Controls in California Homes. Berkeley, CA; 2008.
13. Brager GS, de Dear R. Thermal Adaptation in the Built Environment: a Literature Review. Energy Build. 1998;27: 83–96. Available: https://escholarship.org/content/qt5ts1r442/qt5ts1r442.pdf
14. de Dear R, Brager GS. Developing an adaptive model of thermal comfort and preference. 1998. Available: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qq2p9c6#author
15. de Dear RJ, Akimoto T, Arens EA, Brager G, Candido C, Cheong KWD, et al. Progress in thermal comfort research over the last twenty years. Indoor Air. 2013;23: 442–461. doi: 10.1111/ina.12046 23590514
16. Paciuk MT. The role of personal control of the environment in thermal comfort and satisfaction at the workplace. University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee. 1989. Available: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=5898973
17. Brager G, Zhang H, Arens E. Evolving opportunities for providing thermal comfort. Build Res Inf. 2015;43: 274–287. doi: 10.1080/09613218.2015.993536
18. Eon C, Morrison GM, Byrne J. Unraveling everyday heating practices in residential homes. Energy Procedia. 2017;121: 198–205. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.018
19. Becker LJ, Seligman C, Fazio RH, Darley JM. Relating attitudes to residential energy use. Environ Behav. 1981;13: 590–609.
20. Chang TY, Kajackaite A. Battle for the thermostat: Gender and the effect of temperature on cognitive performance. Capraro V, editor. PLoS One. 2019;14: e0216362. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216362 31116745
21. Schweiker M, Huebner GM, Kingma BRM, Kramer R, Pallubinsky H. Drivers of diversity in human thermal perception–A review for holistic comfort models. Temperature. 2018;5: 308–342. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2018.1534490 30574525
22. Chen C fei, Xu X, Day JK. Thermal comfort or money saving? Exploring intentions to conserve energy among low-income households in the United States. Energy Res Soc Sci. 2017;26: 61–71. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2017.01.009
23. International Energy Agency. Transition to Sustainable Buildings: Strategies and Opportunities to 2050. 2013.
24. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. Household Size and Composition Around the World 2017 –Data Booklet (ST/ESA/ SER.A/405). 2017.
25. de Dear R, Brager GS. The adaptive model of thermal comfort and energy conservation in the built environment. Int J Biometeorol. 2001;45: 100–108. doi: 10.1007/s004840100093 11513046
26. Gupta SK, Kar K, Mishra S, Wen JT. Collaborative Energy and Thermal Comfort Management Through Distributed Consensus Algorithms. IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng. 2015;12: 1285–1296. doi: 10.1109/TASE.2015.2468730
27. Southwell BG, Murphy J. Weatherization behavior and social context: The influences of factual knowledge and social interaction. Energy Res Soc Sci. 2014;2: 59–65. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2014.03.019
28. Hargreaves T, Nye M, Burgess J. Making energy visible: A qualitative field study of how householders interact with feedback from smart energy monitors. Energy Policy. 2010;38: 6111–6119. doi: 10.1016/J.ENPOL.2010.05.068
29. Carlsson-Kanyama A, Lindén A-L. Energy efficiency in residences—Challenges for women and men in the North. Energy Policy. 2007;35: 2163–2172. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.06.018
30. Abrahamse W, Steg L, Vlek C, Rothengatter T. A review of intervention studies aimed at household energy conservation. J Environ Psychol. 2005;25: 273–291. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.08.002
31. Delmas MA, Fischlein M, Asensio OI. Information strategies and energy conservation behavior: A meta-analysis of experimental studies from 1975 to 2012. Energy Policy. 2013;61: 729–739. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.109
32. Hwang Y, Southwell BG. Can a Personality Trait Predict Talk About Science? Sci Commun. 2007;29: 198–216. doi: 10.1177/1075547007308599
33. Mazei J, Hüffmeier J, Freund PA, Stuhlmacher AF, Bilke L, Hertel G. A meta-analysis on gender differences in negotiation outcomes and their moderators. Psychol Bull. 2015;141: 85–104. doi: 10.1037/a0038184 25420223
34. Small DA, Gelfand M, Babcock L, Gettman H. Who Goes to the Bargaining Table? The Influence of Gender and Framing on the Initiation of Negotiation. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007;93: 600–613. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.4.600 17892334
35. Babcock L, Laschever S. Women don’t ask: negotiation and the gender divide. Princeton University Press; 2003.
36. Eagly AH, Wood W. The origins of sex differences in human behavior: Evolved dispositions versus social roles. Am Psychol. 1999;54: 408–423.
37. Eagly AH, Karau SJ. Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychol Rev. 2002;109: 573–598. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.109.3.573 12088246
38. Holt JL, DeVore CJ. Culture, gender, organizational role, and styles of conflict resolution: A meta-analysis. Int J Intercult Relations. 2005;29: 165–196. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.06.002
39. Kray LJ, Thompson L, Galinsky A. Battle of the Sexes: Gender Stereotype Confirmation and Reactance in Negotiations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2001;80: 942–958. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.942 11414376
40. Saldana J. Chapter 1. An Introduction to Codes and Coding. Coding Man Qual Res. 2015; 1–31.
41. United States Census Bureau. 2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates. 2017.
42. Gallup. Conservative Lead in U.S. Ideology Is Down to Single Digits. 2018.
43. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd Editio. Hillsdale, NJ.: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates; 1988.
44. Plümper T, Troeger VE. Fixed-Effects Vector Decomposition: Properties, Reliability, and Instruments. Polit Anal. 2011;19: 147–164. doi: 10.1093/pan/mpr008
45. Plümper T, Troeger VE. Efficient Estimation of Time-Invariant and Rarely Changing Variables in Finite Sample Panel Analyses with Unit Fixed Effects. Polit Anal. 2007;15: 124–139. doi: 10.1093/pan/mpm002
46. Abowd JM, Kramarz F, Margolis DN. High Wage Workers and High Wage Firms. Econometrica. 1999;67: 251–333. doi: 10.1111/1468-0262.00020
47. Wooldridge JM. Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. MIT Press; 2002.
48. Leier CR, Alberts J, Miller K, Hinshaw A. Why Don’t Women Ask? A Mixed Method Analysis of Gender and the Propensity to Initiate a Negation. Arizona State University. 2015.
49. Galinsky AD, Gruenfeld DH, Magee JC. From Power to Action. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003;85: 453–466. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.453 14498782
50. Sintov ND, Schultz PW. Unlocking the potential of smart grid technologies with behavioral science. Front Psychol. 2015;6. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00410 25914666
51. Gupta SK, Atkinson S, O’Boyle I, Drogo J, Kar K, Mishra S, et al. BEES: Real-time occupant feedback and environmental learning framework for collaborative thermal management in multi-zone, multi-occupant buildings. Energy Build. 2016;125: 142–152. doi: 10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2016.04.084
Článok vyšiel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 11
- Metamizol jako analgetikum první volby: kdy, pro koho, jak a proč?
- Nejasný stín na plicích – kazuistika
- Masturbační chování žen v ČR − dotazníková studie
- Je Fuchsova endotelová dystrofie rohovky neurodegenerativní onemocnění?
- Fixní kombinace paracetamol/kodein nabízí synergické analgetické účinky
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- A daily diary study on maladaptive daydreaming, mind wandering, and sleep disturbances: Examining within-person and between-persons relations
- A 3’ UTR SNP rs885863, a cis-eQTL for the circadian gene VIPR2 and lincRNA 689, is associated with opioid addiction
- A substitution mutation in a conserved domain of mammalian acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 results in destabilized protein and impaired HIF-2 signaling
- Molecular validation of clinical Pantoea isolates identified by MALDI-TOF