One step at a time: Physical activity is linked to positive interpretations of ambiguity
Autoři:
Maital Neta aff001; Nicholas R. Harp aff001; Daniel J. Henley aff001; Safiya E. Beckford aff004; Karsten Koehler aff002
Působiště autorů:
Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
aff001; Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
aff002; Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
aff003; Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
aff004; Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
aff005
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225106
Souhrn
Background
Extensive research has established a clear positive relationship between physical activity (PA), even in small amounts, and psychological well-being, including benefits for emotional and mental health (e.g., decreased depression). However, little research has examined the relationship between PA and decision-making within emotionally ambiguous contexts. The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between reported amount and intensity of PA and interpretations of emotional ambiguity.
Methods
Adults (n = 611) recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk were assessed on their interpretations of ambiguous and clear (unambiguous) emotional stimuli and reported habitual PA and exercise.
Results
More positive ratings of ambiguity were associated with greater amount of vigorous activity (p = .002), but not with moderate activity (p = .826) or walking (p = .673). Subsequent analyses demonstrated that this relationship between vigorous PA and positive interpretations of ambiguity was most pronounced when comparing individuals who reported any amount of vigorous PA to those who reported no vigorous activity at all.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that higher amounts of vigorous, but not moderate, PA are associated with more positive interpretations of ambiguity, and that even small amounts of PA seem to be sufficient to promote this more positive valence bias when compared to individuals conducting no vigorous PA at all. Future work should examine the longitudinal effects of PA among individuals participating in structured activity programs.
Klíčová slova:
Physical activity – Mental health and psychiatry – Emotions – Cognition – Face – Exercise – Depression – Sports
Zdroje
1. Penedo FJ, Dahn JR. Exercise and well-being: a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity. Curr Opin Psychiat. 2005;18:189–93.
2. Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985;100:126–131. 3920711
3. Cox EP, O’Dwyer N, Cook R, Vetter M, Cheng HL, Rooney K, et al. Relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in apparently healthy young to middle-aged adults: a systematic review. J Sci Medi Sport. 2016;19:616–28. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.09.003 26552574
4. Tomporowski PD, Pesce C. Exercise, sports, and performance arts benefit cognition via a common process. Psychol Bull. 2019;145:929–51. doi: 10.1037/bul0000200 31192623
5. Tomproroski PD, Ganio MS. Short‐term effects of aerobic exercise on executive processing, memory, and emotional reactivity. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2006;4:57–72.
6. Guiney H, Machado L. Benefits of regular aerobic exercise for executive functioning in healthy populations. Psychon Bull Rev. 2013;20:73–86. doi: 10.3758/s13423-012-0345-4 23229442
7. Chang YK, Labban JD, Gapin JI, Etnier JL. The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain Res. 2012;1453:87–101. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.068 22480735
8. Crabbe JB, Smith JC, Dishman RK. Emotional & electroencephalographic responses during affective picture viewing after exercise. Physiol Behav. 2007;90:394–404. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.10.001 17113610
9. Steptoe AD, Wardle J, Fuller R, Holte A, Justo J, Sanderman R, et al. Leisure-time physical exercise: prevalence, attitudinal correlates, and behavioral correlates among young Europeans from 21 countries. Prev Med. 1997;26:845–54. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1997.0224 9388797
10. Hillman CH, Motl RW, Pontifex MB, Posthuma D, Stubbe JH, Boomsma DI, et al. Physical activity and cognitive function in a cross-section of younger and older community-dwelling individuals. Health Psychol. 2006;25:678–87. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.25.6.678 17100496
11. Heyman E, Gamelin F-X, Goekint M, Piscitelli F, Roelands B, Leclair E, et al. Intense exercise increases circulating endocannabinoid and BDNF levels in humans—possible implications for reward and depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012;37:844–51. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.09.017 22029953
12. Sibley BA, Etnier JL. The relationship between physical activity and cognition in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2003;15:243–256.
13. 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018.
14. Angevaren M, Vanhees L, Wendel-Vos W, Verhaar H, Aufdemkampe G, Aleman A, et al. Intensity, but not duration, of physical activities is related to cognitive function. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2007;14: 825–30. doi: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e3282ef995b 18043306
15. Dishman RK, Berthoud HR, Booth FW, Cotman CW, Edgerton VR, Fleshner MR, et al. Neurobiology of exercise. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006;14:345–56. doi: 10.1038/obv.2006.46
16. Robinson AM, Eggleston RL, Bucci DJ. Physical exercise and catecholamine reuptake inhibitors affect orienting behavior and social interaction in a rat model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Behav neurosci. 2012;126:762–71. doi: 10.1037/a0030488 23067385
17. Peruyero F, Zapata J, Pastor D, Cervelló E. The acute effects of exercise intensity on inhibitory cognitive control in adolescents. Front Psychol. 2017;8:921. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00921 28620337
18. Tsukamoto H, Suga T, Takenaka S, Tanaka D, Takeuchi T, Hamaoka T, et al. Greater impact of acute high-intensity interval exercise on post-exercise executive function compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise. Physiol Behav. 155;224–30. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.12.021 26723268
19. Conn VS. Depressive symptom outcomes of physical activity interventions: meta-analysis findings. Ann Behav Med. 2010;39:128–38. doi: 10.1007/s12160-010-9172-x 20422333
20. Mata J, Thompson RJ, Jaeggi SM, Buschkeuhl M, Jonides J, Gotlib IH. Walk on the bright side: physical activity and affect in major depressive disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2012;121:297–308. doi: 10.1037/a0023533 21553939
21. Reed J, Ones DS. The effect of acute aerobic exercise on positive activated affect: a meta-analysis. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2000;7:477–514. doi: 10.1016/jpsychsport.2005.11.003
22. Carek PJ, Laibstain SE, Carek SM. Exercise for the treatment of depression and anxiety. Int J Psychiatr Med. 2011;4:15–28.
23. Berger BG, Owen DR. Relation of low and moderate intensity exercise with acute mood change in college joggers. Percept Mot Skills. 1998;87:611–21. doi: 10.2466/pms.1998.87.2.611 9842612
24. Hopkins ME, Davis FC, Vantieghem MR, Whalen PJ, Bucci DJ. Differential effects of acute and regular physical exercise on cognition and affect. Neuroscience. 2012;215: 59–68. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.056 22554780
25. Neta M, Tong TT. (2016). Don’t like what you see? Give it time: longer reaction times associated with increased positive affect. Emot. 2016;16:730–9. doi: 10.1037/emo0000181 27055094
26. Neta M, Whalen PJ. The primacy of negative interpretations when resolving the valence of ambiguous facial expressions. Psychol Sci. 2010;21:901–7. doi: 10.1177/0956797610373934 20534779
27. Ekman P, Friesen WV. Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1971;17:124–9. doi: 10.1037/h0030377 5542557
28. Neta M, Kelley WM, Whalen PJ. Neural responses to ambiguity involve domain-general and domain-specific emotion processing systems. J Cog Neurosci. 2013;25:547–57. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00363 23363410
29. Neta M, Norris CJ, Whalen PJ. Corrugator muscle responses are associated with individual differences in positivity-negativity bias. Emot. 2009;9:640–8. doi: 10.1037/a0016819 19803586
30. Mattek AM, Whalen PJ, Berkowitz JL, Freeman JB. Differential effets of cognitive load on subjective versus motor responses to ambiguously valenced facial expressions. Emotion. 2017;16:929–36.
31. Kim H, Somerville LH, Johnstone T, Polis S, Alexander AL, Shin LM, et al. Contextual modulation of amygdala responsivity to surprised faces. J Cogn Neurosci. 2004;16:1730–45. doi: 10.1162/0898929042947865 15701225
32. Kim H, Somerville LH, Johnstone T, Alexander AL, Whalen PJ. Inverse amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to surprised faces. Neuroreport. 2003;14:2317–22. doi: 10.1097/00001756-200312190-00006 14663183
33. Petro NM, Tong TT, Henley DJ, Neta M. Individual differences in valence bias: fMRI evidence of the initial negativity hypothesis. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2018;13:687–98. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsy049 29931375
34. Gross JJ. Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophys. 2002;39:281–91. doi: 10.1017.S0048577201393198
35. Gross JJ, John OP. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003;85:348–62. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348 12916575
36. Haga SM, Kraft P, Corby E.-K. Emotion regulation: antecedents and well-being outcomes of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in cross-cultural samples. J Happiness Stud. 2009;10:271–91. doi: 10.1007/s10902-007-9080-3
37. Karreman A, Vingerhoets AJ. Attachment and well-being: the mediating role of emotion regulation and resilience. Pers Individ Diff. 2012:53:821–6. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.014
38. Neta M, Cantelon J, Haga Z, Mahoney CR, Taylor HA, Davis FC. The impact of uncertain threat on affective bias: individual differences in response to ambiguity. Emotion. 2017;17:1137–43. doi: 10.1037/emo0000349 28910121
39. Brown CC, Raio CM, Neta M. Cortisol responses enhance negative valence perception for ambiguous facial expressions. Sci Rep. 2017;7:15107. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14846-3 29118319
40. Yeung RR. The acute effects of exercise on mood state. J Psychosom Res. 1996;40:123–41. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(95)00554-4 8778396
41. Hansen CJ, Stevens LC, Coast JR. Exercise duration and mood state: how much is enough to feel better? Health Psychol. 2001;20:267–75. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.20.4.267 11515738
42. Bernstein EE, McNally RJ. Acute aerobic exercise helps overcome emotion regulation deficits. Cogn Emot. 2017;31:834–43. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1168284 27043051
43. Giles GE, Cantelon JA, Eddy MD, Brunyé TT, Urry HL, Mahoney CR, et al. Habitual exercise is associated with cognitive control and cognitive reappraisal success. Exp Brain Res. 2017;235:3785–97. doi: 10.1007/s00221-017-5098-x 28975416
44. Zhang Z, Chen W. A systematic review of the relationship between physical activity and happiness. J Happiness Stud. 2018;20:1303–22. doi: 10.1007/s10902-018-9976-0
45. Bray SR, Kwan MY. Physical activity is associated with better health and psychological well-being during transition to university life. J Am Coll Health, 2006;55:77–82. doi: 10.3200/JACH.55.2.77-82 17017303
46. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [Internet] 2019 [cited 2019 June 5]. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available from: https://health.gov/paguidelines doi: 10.1177/0890117119835519
47. Norton K, Norton L, Sadgrove D. Position statement on physical activity and exercise intensity terminology. J Sci Med Sport. 2010;13:496–502. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.09.008 20005170
48. Buhrmester M, Kwang T, Gosling SD. Amazon’s Mechanical Turk: a new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspect Psychol Sci. 2011;6:3–5. doi: 10.1177/1745691610393980 26162106
49. Tottenham N, Tanaka JW, Leon AC, McCarry T, Nurse M, Hare TA, et al. The NimStim set of facial expressions: judgments from untrained research participants. Psychiatry Res. 2009;168:242–9. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.05.006 19564050
50. Lundqvist D, Flykt A, Öhman A.The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF) (Version CD ROM from Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology section). Karolinska Institutet. 1998. Retrieved from http://www.emotionlab.se/kdef/.
51. Lang PJ, Bradley MM, Cuthbert BN. Motivated attention: affect, activation, and action. In Lang PJ, Simons RF, Balaban MT, editors. Attention and orienting: sensory and motivational processes. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers; 1997. p. 97–135.
52. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sport Exer. 2003;35:1381–95. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB 12900694
53. Ball JW, Bice MR, Parry T. Adults’ motivation for physical activity: differentiating motives for exercise, sport, and recreation. Recreational Sports Journal. 2014;38:130–42. doi: 10.1123/rsj.2014-0048
54. Bushman BA. Wouldn’t you like to know: how can I use METs to quantify the amount of aerobic exercise? ACSMs Health Fit J. 2012;16:5–7. doi: 10.1249/01.FIT.0000413045.15742.7b
55. Koehler K, Boron JB, Garvin TM, Bice MR, Stevens JR. Differential relationship between physical acitivty and intake of added sugar and nutrient-dense foods: A cross-sectional analysis. Appetite. 2019; 140:91–7. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.010 31075326
56. R Development Core Team (2008). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org.
57. Harvey SB, Øverland S, Hatch SL, Wessely S, Mykletun A, Hotopf M. Exercise and the prevention of depression: results of the HUNT cohort study. Am J Psychiat. 2018;175:28–36. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16111223 28969440
58. Noh JW, Lee SA, Choi HJ, Hong JH, Kim MH, Kwon YD. Relationship between the intensity of physical activity and depressive symptoms among Korean adults: analysis of Korea Health Panel data. J Phys Ther Sci.9 2015;27:1233–7. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.1233 25995596
59. Biddle SJ. Emotion, mood and physical activity. In: Biddle SJH, For KR, Boutcher SH, editors. Physical activity and psychological well-being. London: Routledge; 2003. pp. 75–97.
60. Matthews A, MacLeod C. Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2005;1:167–95. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143916 17716086
61. Bar-Haim Y, Lamy D, Pergamin L, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ van IJzendoorn MH. Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychol Bull. 2007;133:1–24. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1 17201568
62. Browning M, Holmes EA, Harmer CJ. The modification of attentional bias to emotional information: a review of the techniques, mechanisms, and relevance to emotional disorders. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2010;10:8–20. doi: 10.3758/CABN.10.1.8 20233952
63. Joorman J, Waugh CE, Gotlib IH. Cognitive bias modification for interpretation in major depression: effects on memory and stress reactivity. Clin Psychol Sci. 2015;3:126–39. doi: 10.1177/2167702614560748 25593790
64. Petro N, Henley D, Tong T, Neta M. Amygdala-mPFC development associated with individual differences in valence bias. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Social and Affective Neuroscience Society, Brooklyn, NY 2018a.
65. Ray RD, Ochsner KN, Cooper JC, Robertson ER, Gabrieli JDE, Gross JJ. Individual differences in trait rumination and the neural systems supporting cognitive reappraisal. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2005;5:156–68. 16180622
66. Troy AS, Wilhelm FH, Shallcross AJ, Mauss IB. Seeing the silver lining: cognitive reappraisal ability moderates the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms. Emot. 2010;10:783–95. doi: 10.1037/a0020262 21058843
67. McRae K., Jacobs SE, Ray RD, John, Gross JJ. Individual differences in reappraisal ability: links to reappraisal frequency, well-being, and cognitive control. J Res Pers. 2012;46:2–7.
68. Schuch FB, Vancampfort D, Firth J, Rosenbaum S, Ward PB, Silva ES, et al. (2018). Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A meta-analysis of prospective Cohort Studies. Am J Psychiatry. 2018;175:631–48. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194 29690792
69. Ströhle A. Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders. J Neural Transm. 2009;116:777–84. doi: 10.1007/s00702-008-0092-x 18726137
70. Bernstein EE, Curtiss JE, Wu GWY, Barreira PJ, McNally RJ. Exercise and emotion dynamics: an experience sampling study. Emot. 2018; doi: 10.1037/emo0000462 29999384
71. Karatsoreos IN, McEwen BS. Psychobiological allostasis: resistance, resilience and vulnerability. Trends Cogn Sci. 2011;15:576–84. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.10.005 22078931
72. Erickson KI, Hillman C, Stillman CM, Ballard RM, Bloodgood B, Conroy DE, et al. Physical activity, cognition, and brain outcomes: a review of the 2018 physical activity guidelines. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51: 1242–1251. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001936 31095081
73. Mullen SP, Hall PA. Editorial: physical activity, self-regulation, and executive control across the lifespan. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015;9: 614. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00614 26594162
74. Loprinzi PD. Objectively measured light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with lower depression levels among older US adults. Aging Ment Health. 2013;17:801–5. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2013.801066 23731057
75. McElroy SL, Kotwal R, Malhotra S, Nelson EB, Keck PE, Nemeroff CB. Are mood disorders and obesity related? A review for the mental health professional. J Clin Psychiat. 2004;65:634–51.
76. Roberts RE, Deleger S, Strawbridge WJ, Kaplan GA. Prospective association between obesity and depression: evidence from the Alameda County Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:514–21. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802204 12664085
77. Richardson LP, Davis R, Poulton R, McCauley E, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, et al. A longitudinal evaluation of adolescent depression and adult obesity. Arch Pediatr & Adolesc Med. 2003;157:739–45. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.157.8.739 12912778
78. Kim Y, Park I, Kang M. Convergent validity of the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ): meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2013;16:440–52. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012002996 22874087
79. LaCaille RA, Masters KS, Heath EM. Effects of cognitive strategy and exercise setting on running performance, perceived exertion, affect, and satisfaction. Psych Sport Exerc. 2004;5:461–76. doi: 10.1016/S1469-0292(03)00039-6
80. Neta M, Tong TT, Henley DJ. It’s a matter of time (perspectives): shifting valence responses to emotional ambiguity. Motiv Emot. 2018;42:258–66. doi: 10.1007/s11031-018-9665-7
Článok vyšiel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 11
- Metamizol jako analgetikum první volby: kdy, pro koho, jak a proč?
- Nejasný stín na plicích – kazuistika
- Masturbační chování žen v ČR − dotazníková studie
- Úspěšná resuscitativní thorakotomie v přednemocniční neodkladné péči
- Dlouhodobá recidiva a komplikace spojené s elektivní operací břišní kýly
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- A daily diary study on maladaptive daydreaming, mind wandering, and sleep disturbances: Examining within-person and between-persons relations
- A 3’ UTR SNP rs885863, a cis-eQTL for the circadian gene VIPR2 and lincRNA 689, is associated with opioid addiction
- A substitution mutation in a conserved domain of mammalian acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 results in destabilized protein and impaired HIF-2 signaling
- Molecular validation of clinical Pantoea isolates identified by MALDI-TOF