Wolf diet and prey selection in the South-Eastern Carpathian Mountains, Romania
Autoři:
Teodora Sin aff001; Andrea Gazzola aff002; Silviu Chiriac aff003; Geta Rîșnoveanu aff001
Působiště autorů:
Department of Systems Ecology and Sustainability, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
aff001; Association for the Conservation of Biological Diversity, Focșani, Vrancea County, Romania
aff002; Environmental Protection Agency, Focșani, Vrancea County, Romania
aff003
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225424
Souhrn
The Romanian wolf population, one of the largest in Europe, occupies a total home-range of 154500 km2 and is spread across a variety of landscapes–from anthropized hills and plateaus to remote, densely forested mountains. However, this population is markedly understudied, and even basic knowledge of the species’ feeding habits is deficient. Wolf diet was assessed based on 236 scat samples collected between November 2013 and October 2014, by following pre-established transects (total length = 774 km). The study area (600 km2) is a multi-prey ecosystem in the southern sector of the Eastern Romanian Carpathians. Our results emphasize that more than 80% of the wolf diet is based on wild ungulates. The wild boar is clearly selected (D = 0.74) and is the most common species in the diet (Bio = 72%), while roe deer (Bio = 10%) and red deer (Bio = 5%) have a smaller contribution. Domestic species represented the second-largest prey category in both seasons. Among them, dog is a particularly important source of food (Bio 3.5–10.9%). Other domestic species (goat, sheep, horse) have marginal importance in the wolf diet and seasonal occurrence. Standardized niche breadths are low in both seasons (BAw = 0.07, BAs = 0.12), and a high degree of overlap in the resources used has been observed (Ôws = 0.99). Our study represents the first step towards understanding the wolf foraging behaviour in the Romanian Carpathians and is valuable to address the complex issues of wolf and wild ungulate population management and conservation.
Klíčová slova:
Dogs – Trophic interactions – Predation – Livestock – Deer – Domestic animals – Romanian people – Wolves
Zdroje
1. Mech LD, Boitani L. Wolves—Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; 2003.
2. Zlatanova D, Ahmed A., Valasseva A., Genov P. Adaptive Diet Strategy of the Wolf (Canis lupus L.) in Europe: a Review. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 2014;66(4): 439–452.
3. Newsome TM, Boitani L, Chapron G, Ciucci P, Dickman CR, Dellinger JA, et al. Food habits of the world's grey wolves. Mammal Review. 2016;46(4): 255–269.
4. Llaneza L, López-Bao JV. Indirect effects of changes in environmental and agricultural policies on the diet of wolves. European Journal of Wildlife Research. 2015;61(6): 895–902.
5. Torres RT, Silva N., Brotas G., Fonseca C. To Eat or Not To Eat? The Diet of the Endangered Iberian Wolf (Canis lupus signatus) in a Human-Dominated Landscape in Central Portugal. PLoS ONE 2015;10(6):e0129379. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129379 26030294
6. Petridou M, Youlatos D, Lazarou Y, Selinides K, Pylidis C, Giannakopoulos A, et al. Wolf diet and livestock selection in central Greece. Mammalia. 2019.
7. Boitani L. Wolf conservation and recovery. In: Mech LD, Boitani L., editor. Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Chicago, Illinois, and London, United Kingdom: The University of Chicago Press; 2003. p. 448 pp.
8. De Groot GA, Nowak C, Skrbinšek T, Andersen LW, Aspi J, Fumagalli L, et al. Decades of population genetic research reveal the need for harmonization of molecular markers: the grey wolf Canis lupus as a case study. Mammal Review. 2016;46(1): 44–59.
9. Kaczensky P, Chapron G, von Arx M, Huber D, Andrén H, Linnell J. Status, management and distribution of large carnivores–bear, lynx, wolf & wolverine–in Europe. Document prepared with the assistance of Istituto di Ecologia Applicata and with the contributions of the IUCN/SSC Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe under contract N 070307. 2012.
10. Biriş I, Veen P. Virgin forests in Romania: inventory and strategy for sustainable management and protection of virgin forests in Romania. Document ICAS, Bucharest. 2005.
11. Rozylowicz L, Popescu V.D., Patroescu M., Chisamera G. The potential of large carnivores as conservation surrogates in the Romanian Carpathians. Biodiversity Conservation. 2011;20: 561–579.
12. Van Maanen E, Predoiu G, Klaver R, Soule M, Popa M, Ionescu O, et al. Safeguarding the Romanian Carpathian ecological network. A Vision for Large Carnivores and Biodiversity in East Europe. 2006.
13. Mech L. The Wolf: Thè ecology and behavior of an endangered species. Garden City, New York: Nat Hist. 1970.
14. Keith LB. Population dynamics of wolves. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Wildlife Service, 1983.
15. Fuller TK, Mech LD, Cochrane JF. Wolf population dynamics. In: Mech LD, Boitani L., editor. Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Chicago, Illinois, and London, United Kingdom: The University of Chicago Press 2003. p. 448 pp.
16. Nowak S, Mysłajek R.W., Kłosinska A., Gabrys G. Diet and prey selection of wolves (Canis lupus) recolonising Western and Central Poland. Mammalian Biology 2011;76: 709–715.
17. Geacu S. The wolf populations (Canis lupus L., mammalia, carnivora) in Romania and the human impact over the last two centuries. Rev Roum Géogr/Rom Journ Geogr. 2009;53(2): 219–231.
18. Ionescu O. Wolf–Romania. In: Kaczensky P CG, Von Arx M, Huber D, Andrén H, Linnell JD., editor. Status, Management and Distribution of Large Carnivores -Bear, Lynx, Wolf and Wolverine- in Europe: Report to the EU Commission; 2012.
19. Scarlatescu G, Almasan H., Manolache L., Nesterov V., Popescu C.C., Ciolofan I., Dragomir N., Badea V., Tanko St., Vasiliu G.D., Babutian T., Hamar M., Sutova M. Contributii la cunoasterea hranei unor specii de carnivore salbatice in conditiile din Romania. Analele ICAS. 1977;35(1): 53–74.
20. Lungu D. Lupul. Second ed. Iași: Ion Ionescu de la Brad; 2017. 252 p.
21. CORINE Land Cover (CLC) 2012, Version 18_2 [Internet]. 2012 [cited December 3, 2017]. Available from: http://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc-2012/view.
22. Chiriac S. SR, Militaru I., Ciurescu Ș., Ioja IC., Rozylowicz L., Negulescu D. Planul de management al Parcului Natural Putna Vrancea. 2008.
23. Annoni A, Bernard L, Lillethun A, Ihde J, Gallego J. Short proceedings of the 1st European workshop on reference grids. 2004.
24. Steenweg R, Gillingham MP, Parker KL, Heard DC. Considering sampling approaches when determining carnivore diets: the importance of where, how, and when scats are collected. Mammal Research. 2015;60(3): 207–216.
25. Ciucci P, Boitani L., Pelliccioni E.R., Rocco M., Guy I. A comparison of scat-analysis methods to assess the diet of the wolf Canis lupus. Wildlife Biology. 1996;2:37–48.
26. Ciucci P. Movimenti, attività e risorse del lupo (Canis lupus) in due aree dell’Appennino centro-settentrionale: Ph. D. Thesis. University of Rome.[In Italian]; 1994.
27. Reynolds JC, Aebischer NJ. Comparison and quantification of carnivore diet by faecal analysis: a critique, with recommendations, based on a study of the Fox Vulpes vulpes. Mammal Review. 1991;21(3): 97–122.
28. Mattioli L, Apollonio M, Mazzarone V, Centofanti E. Wolf food habits and wild ungulate availability in the Foreste Casentinesi National Park, Italy. Acta theriologica. 1995;40(4): 387–402.
29. Debrot S, Fivaz G, Mermod C, Weber J. Atlas dcs poils des mammiferes d’Europe. Neuchatel, Institut de Zoologie. 1982: 208.
30. Teerink B. Hair of West-European mammals. Cambridge University Press, Great Britain; 1991.
31. De Marinis AM, Asprea A. Hair identification key of wild and domestic ungulates from southern Europe. Wildlife Biology. 2006;12(3): 305–320.
32. Lockie J. The estimation of the food of foxes. Journal of Wildlife Management. 1959;23: 224–227.
33. Kruuk H, Parish T. Feeding specialization of the European badger Meles meles in Scotland. The Journal of Animal Ecology. 1981: 773–788.
34. Klare U, Kamler JF, Macdonald DW. A comparison and critique of different scat‐analysis methods for determining carnivore diet. Mammal Review. 2011;41(4): 294–312.
35. Weaver JL. Refining the equation for interpreting prey occurrence in gray wolf scats. The Journal of wildlife management. 1993: 534–538.
36. Chakrabarti S, Jhala YV, Dutta S, Qureshi Q, Kadivar RF, Rana VJ. Adding constraints to predation through allometric relation of scats to consumption. Journal of Animal Ecology. 2016;85(3): 660–670. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12508 26931378
37. Lumetsberger T, Ghoddousi A, Appel A, Khorozyan I, Waltert M, Kiffner C. Re‐evaluating models for estimating prey consumption by leopards. Journal of Zoology. 2017;302(3):201–210.
38. Głowaciński Z, Profus P. Potential impact of wolves Canis lupus on prey populations in eastern Poland. Biological conservation. 1997;80(1): 99–106.
39. Mattioli L, Capitani C, Gazzola A, Scandura M, Apollonio M. Prey selection and dietary response by wolves in a high-density multi-species ungulate community. European Journal of Wildlife Research. 2011;57(4): 909–922.
40. Serafini P, Lovari S. Food habits and trophic niche overlap of the red fox and the stone marten in a Mediterranean rural area. Acta theriologica. 1993;38: 233–233.
41. Cavallini P, editor Variation in the body size of the red fox. Annales Zoologici Fennici; 1995: JSTOR.
42. Manly BF. Randomization, bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods in biology: CRC Press; 2007.
43. Levins R. Evolution in changing environments: some theoretical explorations: Princeton University Press; 1968.
44. Hurlbert SH. The measurement of niche overlap and some relatives. Ecology. 1978;59(1): 67–77.
45. Pianka ER. The structure of lizard communities. Annual review of ecology and systematics. 1973;4(1): 53–74.
46. Jacobs J. Quantitative measurement of food selection. Oecologia. 1974;14(4):413–417. doi: 10.1007/BF00384581 28308662
47. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria 2019.
48. Meriggi A, Lovari S. A review of wolf predation in southern Europe: does the wolf prefer wild prey to livestock? Journal of applied ecology. 1996: 1561–1571.
49. Milanesi P, Meriggi A., Merli E. Selection of wild ungulates by wolves Canis lupus (L. 1758) in an area of the Northern Apennines (North Italy). Ethology Ecology & Evolution. 2012;24(1): 81–96.
50. Strîmbu BM, Hickey GM, Strîmbu VG. Forest conditions and management under rapid legislation change in Romania. The Forestry Chronicle. 2005;81(3): 350–358.
51. Griffiths P, Müller D, Kuemmerle T, Hostert P. Agricultural land change in the Carpathian ecoregion after the breakdown of socialism and expansion of the European Union. Environmental Research Letters. 2013;8(4): 045024.
52. Huband S, McCracken DI, Mertens A. Long and short-distance transhumant pastoralism in Romania: past and present drivers of change. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice. 2010;1: 55–71.
53. Mori E, Benatti L, Lovari S, Ferretti F. What does the wild boar mean to the wolf? European journal of wildlife research. 2017;63(1): 9.
54. Stephens DW, Krebs JR. Foraging theory: Princeton University Press; 1986.
55. Huggard DJ. Prey selectivity of wolves in Banff National Park. I. Prey species. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 1993;71(1): 130–139.
56. Gazzola G, Bertelli I., Avanzinelli E., Tolosano A., Bertotto P., Apollonio M. Predation by wolves (Canis lupus) on wild and domestic ungulates of the western Alps, Italy. Journal of Zoology, London. 2005;266: 205–213.
57. Bongi P, Ciuti S, Grignolio S, Del Frate M, Simi S, Gandelli D, et al. Anti‐predator behaviour, space use and habitat selection in female roe deer during the fawning season in a wolf area. Journal of Zoology. 2008;276(3): 242–251.
58. Bongi P. Environmental and human factors affecting spatial behaviour and detectability of Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): influence on population estimate. 2009.
59. Jędrzejewski W JB, Okarma H, Ruprecht L. Wolf predation and snow cover as mortality factors in the ungulate community of the Białowieża National Park, Poland. Oecologia. 1992;90: 27–36. doi: 10.1007/BF00317805 28312267
60. Peterson RO. Wolf ecology and prey relationships on Isle Royale. U.S. Natl. Park. Serv. SCi. Monogr. Ser. No. 11.; 1977.
61. Borkowski J. Flight behaviour and observability in human-disturbed sika deer. Acta theriologica. 2001;46(2): 195–206.
62. Thurfjell H, Spong G, Ericsson G. Effects of hunting on wild boar Sus scrofa behaviour. Wildlife Biology. 2013;19(1): 87–94.
63. Rogala JK, Hebblewhite M, Whittington J, White CA, Coleshill J, Musiani M. Human activity differentially redistributes large mammals in the Canadian Rockies National Parks. Ecology and Society. 2011;16(3).
64. Smietana W, Klimek A. Diet of wolves in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland. Acta theriologica. 1993;38(3): 245–251.
65. Rigg R, Gorman M. Spring-autumn diet of wolves (Canis lupus) in Slovakia and a review of wolf prey selection. Oecologia Montana. 2004;13: 30–41.
66. Llaneza L, Fernández A, Nores C. Dieta del lobo en dos zonas de Asturias (España) que difieren en carga ganadera. Doñana, Acta Vertebrata. 1996;23(2): 201–213.
67. Jędrzejewski W, Niedziałkowska M, Hayward MW, Goszczyński J, Jędrzejewska B, Borowik T, et al. Prey choice and diet of wolves related to ungulate communities and wolf subpopulations in Poland. Journal of Mammalogy. 2012;93(6): 1480–1492.
68. Lescureux N, Linnell JD. Warring brothers: The complex interactions between wolves (Canis lupus) and dogs (Canis familiaris) in a conservation context. Biological conservation. 2014;171: 232–245.
69. Chapron G, Treves A. Blood does not buy goodwill: allowing culling increases poaching of a large carnivore. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2016;283(1830): 20152939. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2939 27170719
70. Imbert C, Caniglia R, Fabbri E, Milanesi P, Randi E, Serafini M, et al. Why do wolves eat livestock?: Factors influencing wolf diet in northern Italy. Biological Conservation. 2016;195: 156–168.
71. Popescu VD, Artelle KA, Pop MI, Manolache S, Rozylowicz L. Assessing biological realism of wildlife population estimates in data‐poor systems. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2016;53(4): 1248–1259.
72. Marucco F, Boitani L. Wolf population monitoring and livestock depredation preventive methods in Europe. Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy. 2012;23(1): 1–4.
Článok vyšiel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 11
- Metamizol jako analgetikum první volby: kdy, pro koho, jak a proč?
- Nejasný stín na plicích – kazuistika
- Masturbační chování žen v ČR − dotazníková studie
- Úspěšná resuscitativní thorakotomie v přednemocniční neodkladné péči
- Dlouhodobá recidiva a komplikace spojené s elektivní operací břišní kýly
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- A daily diary study on maladaptive daydreaming, mind wandering, and sleep disturbances: Examining within-person and between-persons relations
- A 3’ UTR SNP rs885863, a cis-eQTL for the circadian gene VIPR2 and lincRNA 689, is associated with opioid addiction
- A substitution mutation in a conserved domain of mammalian acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 results in destabilized protein and impaired HIF-2 signaling
- Molecular validation of clinical Pantoea isolates identified by MALDI-TOF