Wild Steps in a semi-wild setting? Habitat selection and behavior of European bison reintroduced to an enclosure in an anthropogenic landscape
Autoři:
Pil Birkefeldt Møller Pedersen aff001; Joanna B. Olsen aff001; Brody Sandel aff001; Jens-Christian Svenning aff001
Působiště autorů:
Department of Bioscience, Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
aff001; Department of Bioscience, Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
aff002
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(11)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198308
Souhrn
Recently, several wild or semi-wild herds of European bison have been reintroduced across Europe. It is essential for future successful bison reintroductions to know how the European bison use different habitats, which environmental parameters drive their habitat selection, and whether their habitat use and behavioural patterns in new reintroduction sites differ from habitats where European bison have been roaming freely for a long time. Here, we address these questions for a 40-ha enclosed site that has been inhabited by semi-free ranging European bison since 2012. The site, Vorup Meadows, is adjacent to the Gudenå river in Denmark and consists of human-modified riparian meadows. During 2013 we monitored the behavioural pattern and spatial use of the 11 bison present and in parallel carried out floristic analyses to assess habitat structure and food quality in the enclosure. We tested habitat use and selection against environmental parameters such as habitat characteristics, plant community traits, topography, and management area (release area vs. meadow area) using linear regression and spatial models. The bison herd had comparable diurnal activity patterns as observed in previous studies on free-roaming bison herds. Topography emerged as the main predictor of the frequency of occurrence in our spatial models, with high-lying drier areas being used more. Bison did not prefer open areas over areas with tree cover when accounting for habitat availability. However, they spent significantly more time in the release area, a former agricultural field with supplementary fodder, than expected from availability compared to the rest of the enclosure, a meadow with tree patches. We wish to increase awareness of possible long-term ethological effects of the release site and the management protocols accomplished here that might reduce the ecological impact by the bison in the target habitat, and thereby compromise or even oppose the conservation goals of the conservation efforts.
Klíčová slova:
Plants – Europe – Behavior – Forests – Habitats – Conservation science – Bison
Zdroje
1. Malhi Y, Doughty CE, Galetti M, Smith FA, Svenning J-C, Terborgh JW. Megafauna and ecosystem function from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016;113(4):838–46. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1502540113 26811442
2. Bakker ES, Gill JL, Johnson CN, Vera FW, Sandom CJ, Asner GP, et al. Combining paleo-data and modern exclosure experiments to assess the impact of megafauna extinctions on woody vegetation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the Unites States of America. 2016;113(4):847–55. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1502545112 26504223; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4743795.
3. van Klink R, van der Plas F, van Noordwijk CG, WallisDeVries MF, Olff H. Effects of large herbivores on grassland arthropod diversity. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 2014. doi: 10.1111/brv.12113 24837856.
4. Janzen DH. Dispersal of Small Seeds by Big Herbivores—Foliage Is the Fruit. American Naturalist. 1984;123(3):338–53. doi: 10.1086/284208 PubMed PMID: WOS:A1984SE65600005.
5. Griffiths CJ, Hansen DM, Jones CG, Zuël N, Harris S. Resurrecting Extinct Interactions with Extant Substitutes. Current Biology. 2011;21(9):762–5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.042 21514155
6. Vera FWM. Grazing ecology and forest history. Oxon, UK: CABI Publisher; 2000.
7. Doughty CE, Roman J, Faurby S, Wolf A, Haque A, Bakker ES, et al. Global nutrient transport in a world of giants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the Unites States of America. 2016;113(4):868–73. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1502549112 26504209; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4743783.
8. Dirzo R, Young HS, Galetti M, Ceballos G, Isaac NJ, Collen B. Defaunation in the Anthropocene. Science. 2014;345(6195):401–6. doi: 10.1126/science.1251817 25061202.
9. Estes JA, Terborgh J, Brashares JS, Power ME, Berger J, Bond WJ, et al. Trophic downgrading of planet Earth. Science. 2011;333(6040):301–6. doi: 10.1126/science.1205106 21764740.
10. Ripple WJ, Newsome TM, Wolf C, Dirzo R, Everatt KT, Galetti M, et al. Collapse of the world's largest herbivores. Science Advances. 2015;1(4):e1400103. Epub 2015/11/26. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1400103 26601172; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4640652.
11. Galetti M, Moleon M, Jordano P, Pires MM, Guimaraes PR Jr., Pape T, et al. Ecological and evolutionary legacy of megafauna extinctions. Biological Reviews. 2018;93(2):845–62. doi: 10.1111/brv.12374 28990321.
12. Palacio P, Berthonaud V, Guérin C, Lambourdière J, Maksud F, Philippe M, et al. Genome data on the extinct Bison schoetensacki establish it as a sister species of the extant European bison (Bison bonasus). 2017;17(1). doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-0894-2
13. Massilani D, Guimaraes S, Brugal JP, Bennett EA, Tokarska M, Arbogast RM, et al. Past climate changes, population dynamics and the origin of Bison in Europe. BMC Biol. 2016;14(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s12915-016-0317-7 27769298; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5075162.
14. Bocherens H, Hofman-Kaminska E, Drucker DG, Schmolcke U, Kowalczyk R. European bison as a refugee species? Evidence from isotopic data on Early Holocene bison and other large herbivores in northern Europe. PloS one. 2015;10(2):e0115090. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115090 25671634; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4324907.
15. Pucek Z, Belousova IP, Krasiñska M, Krasiñski ZA, Olech W. European Bison. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan.. Pucek Z, editor. Cambridge, UK.: IUCN/SSC Bison Specialist Group; 2004.
16. Rewilding Europe. Rewilding Europe; 2016 [cited 2016 24 May]. Available from: https://www.rewildingeurope.com/project/european-bison-in-a-dutch-dune-system/.
17. Cromsigt JPGM, Kemp YJM, Rodriguez E, Kivit H. Rewilding Europe's large grazer community: how functionally diverse are the diets of European bison, cattle, and horses? Restoration Ecology. 2017. doi: 10.1111/rec.12661
18. Ramos A, Petit O, Longour P, Pasquaretta C, Sueur C. Space Use and Movement Patterns in a Semi-Free-Ranging Herd of European Bison (Bison bonasus). PloS one. 2016;11(2):e0147404. Epub 2016/02/04. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147404 26841107; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4740407.
19. Schmitz P, Caspers S, Warren P, Witte K. First Steps into the Wild–Exploration Behavior of European Bison after the First Reintroduction in Western Europe. PloS one. 2015;10(11):e0143046. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143046 26605549
20. Randers Regnskov. 2010 [cited 2016 January 27]. Available from: http://www.regnskoven.dk/det-sker/seneste-nyheder/nyhedsvisning/nyhed/nu-kan-i-opleve-den-europaeiske-bison-paa-vorup-enge/.
21. Olech W. Bison bonasus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: T2814A9484719: IUCN SSC Bison Specialist Group; 2008. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T2814A9484719.en.
22. Svenning JC, Pedersen PBM, Donlan CJ, Ejrnaes R, Faurby S, Galetti M, et al. Science for a wilder Anthropocene: Synthesis and future directions for trophic rewilding research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States of America. 2016;113(4):898–906. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1502556112 26504218; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4743824.
23. Kerley GIH, Kowalczyk R, Cromsigt JPGM. Conservation implications of the refugee species concept and the European bison: king of the forest or refugee in a marginal habitat? Ecography. 2012;35(6):519–29. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2011.07146.x
24. Cromsigt JPGM, Kerley GIH, Kowalczyk R, Roura-Pascual N. The difficulty of using species distribution modelling for the conservation of refugee species—the example of European bison. Diversity and Distributions. 2012;18(12):1253–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00927.x
25. Kuemmerle T, Hickler T, Olofsson J, Schurgers G, Radeloff VC, Roura-Pascual N. Refugee species: which historic baseline should inform conservation planning? Diversity and Distributions. 2012;18(12):1258–61. doi: 10.1111/ddi.12013
26. Kuemmerle T, Hickler T, Olofsson J, Schurgers G, Radeloff VC. Reconstructing range dynamics and range fragmentation of European bison for the last 8000years. Diversity and Distributions. 2012;18(1):47–59. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00849.x
27. European Bison Pedigree Book [Internet]. 2014.
28. Bison Bonasus. The IUCN Red List of Threathened Species 2008 [Internet]. IUCN. 2008 [cited 08 November 2017]. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/2814/0.
29. Bleyhl B, Sipko T, Trepet S, Bragina E, Leitão PJ, Radeloff VC, et al. Mapping seasonal European bison habitat in the Caucasus Mountains to identify potential reintroduction sites. Biological Conservation. 2015;191:83–92. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.06.011
30. Cromsigt J, te Beest M, Kerley G, Landman M, le Roux E, Smith F. Trophic rewilding as a climate change mitigation strategy? Phil Trans R Soc B. 2018;373. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0440 30348867
31. Danish Nature Agency. Bison Bornholm [cited 2016 27 Jan]. Available from: http://naturstyrelsen.dk/naturbeskyttelse/naturprojekter/bison-bornholm/.
32. Brandtberg NH, Dabelsteen T. Habitat selection of two European bison (Bison bonasus) on the Danish island Bornholm. European Bison Conservation Newsletter. 2013;6:73–80.
33. Caboń-Rackzyńska K, Krasińska M, Krasiński ZA, Wojcik JM. Rythm of Daily Activity and Behaviour of European Bison in the Bialowieza Forest in the Period without Snow Cover. Acta Theriologica. 1987;32(21):335–72.
34. Pedersen PBM, Ejrnæs R, Sandel B, Svenning J-C. Trophic Rewilding Advancement in Anthropogenically Impacted Landscapes (TRAAIL): A framework to link conventional conservation management and rewilding. Ambio. 2019. doi: 10.1007/s13280-019-01192-z 31201614
35. Caboń-Rackzyńska K, Krasińska M, Krasiński ZA. Behaviour and Daily Activity Rythm of European Bison in Winter. Acta Theriologica. 1983;28(18):273–99.
36. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2018.
37. Nielsen K, Bak J, Bruus M, Damgaard C, Ejrnæs R, Fredshavn J, et al. NATURDATA.DK–Danish monitoring program of vegetation and chemical plant and soil data from non-forested terrestrial habitat types. Biodiversity & Ecology. 2012;4:375-. doi: 10.7809/b-e.00165
38. ESRI. ArcGIS. Redland, CA, USA.: ESRI; 2010.
39. Jacobs J. Quantitative measurement of food selection. Oecologia. 1974;14(4):413–7. doi: 10.1007/BF00384581 28308662
40. Danmarks højdemodel, DHM/Terræn [Internet]. 2011. Available from: http://sdfe.dk/hent-data/kortforsyningen/.
41. Briemle G, Nitsche S, Nitsche L. Nutzungswertzahlen für Gefäßpflanzen des Grünlandes. In: KI KS, DW, editors. BIOLFLOR–eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland (BIOLFLOR–a database of biological-ecological traits for the flora of Germany). Bonn: Bundesamt für Naturschutz; 2002. p. 203–25.
42. Klotz S, Kühn I, Durka W. BIOLFLOR—Eine Datenbank zu biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. In: Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde, editor. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Bonn2002.
43. Kleyer M., Bekker R.M., Knevel I.C., Bakker J.P, Thompson K., Sonnenschein M., et al. The LEDA Traitbase: A database of life-history traits of Northwest European flora. Journal of Ecology. 2008;96:1266–74.
44. Pontes LDS, Soussana JF, Louault F, Andueza D, Carrère P. Leaf traits affect the above-ground productivity and quality of pasture grasses. Functional Ecology. 2007;21(5):844–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01316.x
45. Gräler B, Pebesma E, Heuvelink G. Spatio-Temporal Interpolation using gstat. The R journal. 2016;8(1):204–18.
46. Pebesma EJ. Multivariable geostatistics in S: the gstat package. Computers & Geosciences. 2004;30:683–91.
47. Burnham KP, Anderson DR. Model selection and multimodel inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach. edition S, editor: Springer, USA; 2002.
48. Barton K. MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference. R package version 1.40.4. 2018.
49. Borowski S, Kossak S. The natural food preferences of the European bison in seasons free of snow cover. Acta Theriologica. 1972;17(13):151–69.
50. Rosenkranz B, Frederiksen P. Quality assessment of the Danish Elevation Model (DK-DEM) National Survey and Cadastre—Denmark, technical report series number 122011.
51. Steuer P, Hummel J, Grosse-Brinkhaus C, Südekum K-H. Food intake rates of herbivorous mammals and birds and the influence of body mass. European Journal of Wildlife Research. 2015;61(1):91–102. doi: 10.1007/s10344-014-0877-1
52. Gebczynska Z, Gebczynski M, Martynowicz E. Food eaten by the free-living European bison in Bialowieza Forest. Acta Theriologica. 1991;36(3–4):307–13.
53. Krasińska M, Krasiński ZA, Bunevich AN. Factors affecting the variability in home range size and distribution in European bison in the Polish and Belarussian parts of the Bialowieza Forest. Acta Theriologica. 2000;45(3):321–34.
54. Krasińska M, Krasiński ZA. European Bison. The nature monograph: Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bialowieza; 2007.
55. Kowalczyk R, Taberlet P, Coissac E, Valentini A, Miquel C, Kamiński T, et al. Influence of management practices on large herbivore diet—Case of European bison in Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland). Forest Ecology and Management. 2011;261(4):821–8. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.11.026
56. van Vuure C. Retracing the aurochs: history, morphology and ecology of an extinct wild ox: Pensoft; 2005. 431 p.
57. Daleszczyk K, Krasińska M, Krasiński ZA, Bunevich AN. Habitat structure, climatic factors, and habitat use by European bison (Bison bonasus) in Polish and Belarusian parts of the Bialowieza Forest, Poland. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2007;85(2):261–72. doi: 10.1139/Z06-209 PubMed PMID: WOS:000245590000013.
58. Zielke L, Wrage-Mönnig N, Müller J, Neumann Carsten. Implications of Spatial Habitat Diversity on Diet Selection of European Bison and Przewalski´s Horses in a Rewilding Area. Diversity. 2019;11(4):63. doi: 10.3390/d11040063
59. Olff H, Ritchie ME, Prins HHT. Global environmental controls of diversity in large herbivores. Nature. 2002;415(6874):901–4. doi: 10.1038/415901a 11859367
60. Schneider TC, Kowalczyk R, Köhler M. Resting site selection by large herbivores–The case of European bison (Bison bonasus) in Białowieża Primeval Forest. Mammalian Biology—Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. 2013;78(6):438–45. doi: 10.1016/j.mambio.2013.06.002
Článok vyšiel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 11
- Metamizol jako analgetikum první volby: kdy, pro koho, jak a proč?
- Nejasný stín na plicích – kazuistika
- Masturbační chování žen v ČR − dotazníková studie
- Je Fuchsova endotelová dystrofie rohovky neurodegenerativní onemocnění?
- Fixní kombinace paracetamol/kodein nabízí synergické analgetické účinky
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- A daily diary study on maladaptive daydreaming, mind wandering, and sleep disturbances: Examining within-person and between-persons relations
- A 3’ UTR SNP rs885863, a cis-eQTL for the circadian gene VIPR2 and lincRNA 689, is associated with opioid addiction
- A substitution mutation in a conserved domain of mammalian acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 results in destabilized protein and impaired HIF-2 signaling
- Molecular validation of clinical Pantoea isolates identified by MALDI-TOF