Fossil tabulate corals reveal outcrops of Paleozoic sandstones in the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province, Southeastern USA
Autoři:
James E. Landmeyer aff001; Francis Tourneur aff002; Julien Denayer aff002; Mikołaj K. Zapalski aff003
Působiště autorů:
Southeast Region, U.S. Geological Survey, Lutz, FL, United States of America
aff001; Department of Sciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
aff002; Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury, Warszawa, Poland
aff003
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224248
Souhrn
The geologic history of the Southeastern United States of America is missing nearly 350-million-years of rocks, sediments, and fossils. This gap defines the Fall Line nonconformity where Upper Ordovician consolidated rocks are directly overlain by Upper Cretaceous unconsolidated sediments of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province. Here we begin to fill in the missing geologic record by reporting the discovery of fossils of lower-to-middle Paleozoic tabulate corals (Syringophyllidae) in angular, quartz-rich, ferruginous sandstones that crop out in the Carolina Sandhills Physiographic Province that forms the updip margin of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province near the Fall Line. These fossils of extinct tabulate corals are the first evidence that Paleozoic (Upper Ordovician–Lower Silurian) sandstones crop out amidst the mostly Mesozoic-to-Cenozoic deposits of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province of the United States of America. This discovery of Paleozoic fossils and strata in a region in which they were previously entirely unknown offers a more complete insight into the geologic history of the Southern Appalachian Mountains Region, Carolina Sandhills and updip margin of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Province and extends the previously identified range of Syringophyllidae in North America.
Klíčová slova:
Corals – Sediment – Cretaceous period – Fossils – Marine fossils – Paleozoic era – Seismology – Ordovician period
Zdroje
1. Tuomey, M. Report on the Geology of South Carolina. 1848. Printed and published for the state by A.S. Johnson, Columbia, SC.
2. Sloan, E. A preliminary report on the clays of South Carolina. 1904; S.C. Geological Survey, Series 4, Bulletin 1: 171.
3. Berry E.W. The Upper Cretaceous and Eocene floras of South Carolina and Georgia. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 1914; 84: 200.
4. Cooke C.W. Geology of the Coastal Plain of South Carolina. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin. 1936; 867: 196.
5. Dorf E. Critical analysis of Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleobotany of Atlantic Coastal Plain. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin. 1952; 36: 2162–2184.
6. Howe J.T., Howard A.S. Fossil locations in South Carolina. 1978. Museum Bulletin Number 3. South Carolina State Museum, IRM Printing Services, Columbia, SC.
7. Goldstein A. Distribution of Paleozoic corals in the United States. Mid-America Paleontological Society Digest. 1985; March.
8. Wait, R.L., Davis, M.E. Configuration and hydrology of the pre-Cretaceous rocks underlying the Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system. U. S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86–4010. 1986.
9. Prowell D.C., Christopher R.A., Waters K.E., Nix S.K. The chrono- and lithostratigraphic significance of the Type Section of the Middendorf Formation, Chesterfield County, South Carolina. Southeastern Geology. 2003; 42: 47–66.
10. Fitzwater, B.A. Swezey, C.S., Whittecar, G.R., Garrity, C.P., Mahan, S.A. Geologic mapping of the Middendorf and Patrick Quadrangles, Chesterfield County, South Carolina. The Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 63rd Annual Meeting, April 10–11, 2014, Blacksburg, VA. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. 2014; 46: 82.
11. Conley J.F. Geology of the Albemarle quadrangle, North Carolina. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 1959; 70: 1760.
12. St. Jean, J. A new Cambrian trilobite from the Piedmont of North Carolina. American Journal of Science. 1973; 273-A: 196–216.
13. Cloud P., Wright J., Glover L. III. Traces of animal life from 620-million-year-old rocks in North Carolina. American Scientist. 1976; 64: 396–406.
14. Gibson G.G., Teeter S.A., Fendokin M.A. Ediacarian fossils from the Carolina slate belt, Stanly County, North Carolina. Geology. 1984; 12: 387–390.
15. Koeppen R., Repetski J., Waery D. Microfossil assemblages indicate Ordovician or Late Cambrian age for Tilley Formation and mudstone member of Cid Formation, Carolina Slate Belt, North Carolina. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. 1995; 27: A397.
16. Offield, T.W., Sutphin, D.M. Revised stratigraphic and tectonic framework of the Carolina Slate Belt from southern Virginia to the South Carolina–Georgia border (with observations bearing on the origin of the slate-belt gold deposits. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99–2. 1999.
17. Hibbard J., McMenamin M.A.S., Pollock J., Weaver P.G., Tacker R.C., Miller B.V., et al. Significance of a new Ediacaran fossil find in the Carolina Terrane of North Carolina. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. 2006b; 38: 91.
18. Weaver P.G., Tacker R.C., McMenamin M.A.S., Webb R.A. Ediacaran body fossils of South-Central North Carolina-Review and analysis of a Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian Fauna. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. 2006; 38: 550.
19. Maher H.D., Palmer A.R., Secor D.T., Snoke A.W. New trilobite locality in the Piedmont of South Carolina, and its regional implications. Geology. 1981; 9: 34–36.
20. Allen A.T., Lester J.G. Contributions to the paleontology of northwestern Georgia. Georgia Geological Survey Bulletin. 1954; 62: plate 18, f.1.
21. Bourland W.C., Rigby J.K. Sponge spicules from early Paleozoic rocks of the Carolina Slate Belt. Geological Society of America Special Paper. 1982; 191: 125–132.
22. Secor D.T. Jr., Samson S.L., Snoke A.W., Palmer A.R. Confirmation of the Carolina Slate Belt as an Exotic Terrane. Science. 1983; 221: 649–650. doi: 10.1126/science.221.4611.649 17787733
23. Samson S., Palmer A.R., Robison R.A., Secor D.T. Jr. Biogeographical significance of Cambrian trilobites from the Carolina Slate belt. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 1990; 102: 1459–1470.
24. Williams H., Hatcher R.D. Jr. Suspect terranes and accretionary history of the Appalachian orogen. Geology. 1982; 10: 530–36.
25. Secor D.T. Jr., Snoke A.W., Bramlett K.W., Costello O.P., and Kimbrell O.P. Character of the Alleghenian orogeny in the southern Appalachians-Part I. Alleghenian deformation in the eastern Piedmont of South Carolina. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 1986; 97: 1319–1328.
26. Vick H.K., Channell J.E.T., Opdyke N.D. Ordovician docking of the Carolina Slate Belt–Paleomagnetic data. Tectonics. 1987; 6: 573–585.
27. Dennis A.J., Shervais J.W. The Carolina terrane in northwestern South Carolina–Insights into the development of an evolving island arc. Geological Society of America Special Paper. 1996; 304: 237–256.
28. Dennis A.J., Wright J.E. Middle and late Paleozoic monazite U-Pb ages, Inner Piedmont, South Carolina. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program. 1997; 29:12.
29. Hibbard J. Docking Carolina–Mid-Paleozoic accretion in the southern Appalachians. Geology. 2000; 28: 127–130.
30. Hibbard J.P., Stoddard E.F., Secor D.T., Dennis A.J. The Carolina Zone-Overview of Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic peri-Gondwanan terranes along the eastern Flank of the southern Appalachians. Earth Science Reviews. 2002; 57: 299–339.
31. Murphy J.B., Pisarevsky S.A., Nance R.D., Keppie J.D. Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic evolution of peri-Gondwanan terranes–Implications for Laurentia-Gondwana connections. International Journal of Earth Science. 2004; 93: 659–682.
32. Murphy J.B., Keppie J.D. The Acadian Orogeny in the Northern Appalachians. International Geology Review. 2005; 47: 663–687.
33. Hibbard, J.P., van Staal, C.R., Rankin, D.W., Williams, H. Lithotectonic map of the Appalachian orogen (South), Canada-United States of America. Geological Survey of Canada Map. 2006a; 02096A: 2 sheets, scale 1:1,500,000.
34. Hibbard J.P., van Staal C.R., Rankin D.G. Comparative analysis of the geological evolution of the northern and southern Appalachian orogen–Late Ordovician-Permian. In: Tollo R.P., Bartholomew M.J., Hibbard J.P., and Karabinos P.M., editors. From Rodinia to Pangea; The lithotectonic record of the Appalachian Region. Geological Society of America Memoirs. 2010; 206: 51–69.
35. Hibbard J.P., Miller B.V., Hames W.E., Standard I.D., Allen J.S., Lavallee S.B., et al. Kinematics, U-Pb geochronology, and 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of the Gold Hill shear zone, North Carolina–The Cherokee orogeny in Carolinia, Southern Appalachians. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 2012; 124: 643–656.
36. Campbell B.G., Coes A.L. Groundwater availability in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North and South Carolina. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 2010; 1773: 241,7 pls.
37. Campbell, B.G., Landmeyer, J.E. Groundwater availability in the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers, Chesterfield County, South Carolina, 1900–2012. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5050. 2014; 68.
38. Swezey C.S., Schultz A.P., González W.A., Bernhardt C.E., Doar W.R. III, Garrity C.P., et al. Quaternary eolian dunes in the Savannah River valley, Jasper County, South Carolina, USA. Quaternary Research. 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.06.007.
39. Woollen I., Colquhoun D.J., Nieuwenhuise D.V. The Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Great Peedee River Valley–A guide prepared for the 1978 Carolina-Clemson Field Excursion, April 22, 1978. University of South Carolina. 1978; 33.
40. Nystrom P.G. Jr., Willoughby R.H., Price L.K. 12. Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigraphy of the Upper Coastal Plain, South Carolina. In: Horton J.W. Jr., Zullo V.A., editors. The Geology of the Carolinas. Carolina Geological Society Fiftieth Anniversary Volume. 1991; 221–250.
41. Soller, D.R., Mills, H.H. 17. Surficial geology and geomorphology. In: The Geology of the Carolinas, Carolina Geological Society Fiftieth Anniversary Volume, Horton, J.W., Jr., and Zullo, V.A. editors, 1991; 290–308.
42. Swezey C.S., Fitzwater B.A., Whittecar G.R., Mahan S.A., Garrity C.P., González W.A., et al. The Carolina Sandhills–Quaternary eolian sand sheets and dunes along the updip margin of the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, southeastern United States. Quaternary Research. 2016; 86: 271–286.
43. Bell, H., III, Butler, J.R., Howell, D.E., Wheeler, W.H.Geology of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain near Pageland, South Carolina and Wadesboro, North Carolina. Carolina Geological Society Guidebook for 1974 Annual Meeting. 1974; 1–16.
44. Campbell, B.G., Voytek, E.B. Bedrock topography of the McBee, South Carolina, area, based on bedrock altitudes from geologic borings and analysis of ambient seismic noise by the horizontal-to-vertical spectral-ratio method, as Appendix 1. In: Campbell, B.G. Landmeyer, J.E. (2014a) Groundwater availability in the Crouch Branch and McQueen Branch aquifers, Chesterfield County, South Carolina, 1900–2012. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5050. 2014; 68.
45. Hill D. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part F- Coelenterata, Supplement 1-Rugosa and Tabulata, volume 1, 2009. University of Kansas Paleontological Institute. 1981; 743.
46. Sokolov B. S. Palaeozoic tabulates of the European part of USSR Vol. 1, Introduction: General problems of systematics and evolution of the tabulates. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Neftyanogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-Razvedochnogo Instituta (VNIGRI). Novaya Seriya. 1955; 85: 1–527.
47. Khaiznikova K.B. Evolution of Paleozoic corals of the Verkhoyansk Mountains. Acta Paleontologica Polonica. 1980; 25: 5675–570.
48. Bondarenko O.B., Ulitina L.M. Ordovician corals of the Siberian and Mongolian basins: Taxonomic diversity, morphogenesis, and occurrence. Paleontological Journal. 2009; 43: 1439–1457.
49. Oekentorp K. The microstructure concept-coral research in the conflict of controversial opinions. Bulletin of Geosciences. 2007; 82: 95–97.
50. Zapalski M.K. Tabulate corals from the Givetian and Frasnian of the southern region of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland). Special Papers in Palaeontology. 2012; 87: 1–100.
51. Ehrenberg C.G. Dritter Beitrag zur Erkenntniss grosser Organisation in der Richtung des kleinsten Raumes. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 1834; 1833: 145–336, pls I-XIII.
52. Milne-Edwards H., Haime J. A monograph of the British fossil corals. Palaeontographical Society. 1850; 322.
53. Roemer C.F. Lethaea geognostica, Theil 1: Lethaea palaeozoica. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart. 1883; 544.
54. Sokolov B.S., Tesakov J.I. Tabulyaty paleozoya Sibiri [Paleozoic Tabulata of Siberia]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Institut Geologii i geofiziki. 1963; 1–188. Moscov–Leningrad.
55. Oliver W.A., Hecht W.S. Well-preserved favositid corals in the Oriskany Sandstone (Lower Devonian) of New York: in Landing Ed, ed., Studies in stratigraphy and paleontology in honor of Donald W. Fisher. New York State Museum Bulletin. 1994; 481: 265–287.
56. Cook A.G. 1994. Sedimentology and depositional environments of the Middle Devonian Big Bend Arkose and Burdekin Formation, Fanning River Group, Burdekin Subprovince, North Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 1994; 38: 53–91.
57. Haq B.U., Shutter S.R. A chronology of Paleozoic seal-level changes. Science. 2008; 322: 64–68. doi: 10.1126/science.1161648 18832639
58. Brachert T.C., Forst M.H., Pais J.J., Legoinha P., Reijmer J.J.G. Lowstand carbonates, highstand sandstones? Sedimentary Geology. 2003; 155: 1–12.
59. Blakey R.L. Ordovician paleogeography of North America. Colorado Plateau Geosystems, Arizona, USA. 2019; http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html
60. Kimberley M.M. Origin of oolitic iron formations. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology. 1979; 49: 0111–0132.
61. Kimberley M.M. Exhalative origins of iron formations. Ore Geology Reviews. 1989; 5: 13–145.
62. Arkai, P., Sassi, F.P., Desmons, J. Very low-to low-grade metamorphic rocks-Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission of the systematics of metamorphic rocks.
63. Cotter E., Link J.E. Deposition and diagenesis of Clinton ironstones (Silurian) in the Appalachian Foreland Basin of Pennsylvania. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 1993; 105: 911–922.
64. Hatcher R.D. Jr., Howell D.E., Talwani P. Eastern Piedmont fault system: Speculations on its extent. Geology. 1977; 5: 636–640.
65. Maybin A.H. III. Structural features of South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Geological Survey Map. 1998.
66. Prowell D.C., O’Connor B.J. Belair fault zone: Evidence of Tertiary fault displacement in eastern Georgia. Geology. 1978; 6: 681–684.
67. Faye R.E., Prowell D.C. Effects of Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic faulting on the geology and hydrology of the Coastal Plain near the Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82–156. 1982; 73 p.
68. Nystrom P.G. Jr. Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic brittle faulting beneath the western South Carolina Coastal Plain: Reactivation of the Eastern Piedmont Fault System. South Carolina. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. 2005; 38: 74.
69. Prowell, D.C., O’Connor, B.J., Rubin, M. Preliminary evidence for Holocene movement along the Belair Fault Zone near Augusta, Georgia. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75–680. 1975.
Článok vyšiel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 10
- Metamizol jako analgetikum první volby: kdy, pro koho, jak a proč?
- Parazitičtí červi v terapii Crohnovy choroby a dalších zánětlivých autoimunitních onemocnění
- Nejasný stín na plicích – kazuistika
- Masturbační chování žen v ČR − dotazníková studie
- Eliquis (apixaban) nově hrazen ze zdravotního pojištění
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Correction: Low dose naltrexone: Effects on medication in rheumatoid and seropositive arthritis. A nationwide register-based controlled quasi-experimental before-after study
- Combining CDK4/6 inhibitors ribociclib and palbociclib with cytotoxic agents does not enhance cytotoxicity
- Risk factors associated with IgA vasculitis with nephritis (Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis) progressing to unfavorable outcomes: A meta-analysis
- Prevalence of pectus excavatum (PE), pectus carinatum (PC), tracheal hypoplasia, thoracic spine deformities and lateral heart displacement in thoracic radiographs of screw-tailed brachycephalic dogs