Short-term effects of video gaming on brain response during working memory performance
Autoři:
Shuyan Liu aff001; Christian Kaufmann aff002; Christian Labadie aff003; Andreas Ströhle aff001; Maxim S. Kuschpel aff004; Maria Garbusow aff001; Robert Hummel aff002; Daniel J. Schad aff005; Michael A. Rapp aff005; Andreas Heinz aff001; Stephan Heinzel aff006
Působiště autorů:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Berlin, Germany
aff001; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
aff002; Excellence Cluster NeuroCure, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
aff003; Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
aff004; Social and Preventive Medicine, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
aff005; Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
aff006
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223666
Souhrn
Breaks filled with different break activities often interrupt cognitive performance in everyday life. Previous studies have reported that both enhancing and deteriorating effects on challenging ongoing tasks such as working memory updating, depend on the type of break activity. However, neural mechanisms of these break-related alterations in working memory performance have not been studied, to date. Therefore, we conducted a brain imaging study to identify the neurobiological correlates of effects on the n-back working memory task related to different break activities. Before performing the n-back task in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, young adults were exposed to break activities in the MRI scanner involving (i) eyes-open resting, (ii) listening to music, and (iii) playing the video game “Angry Birds”. Heart rate was measured by a pulse oximeter during the experiment. We found that increased heart rate during gaming as well as decreased relaxation levels after a video gaming break was related to poorer n-back task performance, as compared to listening to music. On the neural level, video gaming reduced supplementary motor area activation during working memory performance. These results may indicate that video gaming during a break may affect working memory performance by interfering with arousal state and frontal cognitive control functions.
Klíčová slova:
Memory – Functional magnetic resonance imaging – Bioacoustics – Working memory – Games – Heart rate – Music cognition – Video games
Zdroje
1. Edlund M. The power of rest: Why sleep alone is not enough: A 30-day plan to reset your body. New York: Harperone. 2010.
2. Dewar M, Alber J, Butler C, Cowan N, Della Sala S. Brief wakeful resting boosts new memories over the long term. Psychological Science. 2012;23:955–960. doi: 10.1177/0956797612441220 22829465
3. Tambini A, Ketz N, Davachi L. Enhanced brain correlations during rest are related to memory for recent experiences. Neuron. 2010;65(2):280–290. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.01.001 20152133
4. Liu S, Kuschpel MS, Schad DJ, Heinz A, Rapp MA. Differential effects of music and video gaming during breaks on auditory and visual Learning. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking. 2015.
5. Liu S, Schad DJ, Kuschpel MS, Rapp MA, Heinz A. Music and video gaming during breaks: Influence on habitual versus goal-directed decision making. PLOS ONE. 2016;11:e0150165. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150165 26982326
6. Helton WS, Russell PN. Rest is best: The role of rest and task interruptions on vigilance. Cognition. 2015;134:165–173. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.10.001 25460389
7. Kuschpel MS, Liu S, Schad DJ, Heinzel S, Heinz A, Rapp MA. Differential effects of wakeful rest, music and video game playing on working memory performance in the n-back task. Frontiers in Psychology. 2015;6:1–11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00001
8. Hébert S, Béland R, Dionne-Fournelle O, Crête M, Lupien SJ. Physiological stress response to video-game playing: The contribution of built-in music. Life Sciences. 2005;76:2371–2380. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.11.011 15748630
9. Ross HA, Russell PN, Helton WS. Effects of breaks and goal switches on the vigilance decrement. Experimental Brain Research. 2014;232:1729–1737. doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-3865-5 24557319
10. Peigneux P, Orban P, Balteau E, Degueldre C, Luxen A, Laureys S, et al. Offline persistence of memory-related cerebral activity during active wakefulness. PLOS biology. 2006;4:e100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040100 16602824
11. Geethanjali B, Adalarasu K, Jagannath M. Music induced emotion and music processing in the brain–A review. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research. 2018;12:1–3.
12. Rauscher FH, Shaw GL, Ky CN. Music and spatial task performance. Nature. 1993;365:611–611.
13. Waterhouse L. Multiple intelligences, the Mozart effect, and emotional intelligence: A critical review. Educational Psychologist. 2006;41:207–225.
14. Koelsch S. Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2014;15:170–180. doi: 10.1038/nrn3666 24552785
15. Anguera JA, Gazzaley A. Video games, cognitive exercises, and the enhancement of cognitive abilities. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 2015;4:160–165.
16. Green CS, Bavelier D. Action video game training for cognitive enhancement. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 2015;4:103–108.
17. Bavelier D, Green CS, Han DH, Renshaw PF, Merzenich MM, Gentile DA. Brains on video games. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2011;12:763–768. doi: 10.1038/nrn3135 22095065
18. Choi MH, Min YK, Kim HS, Kim JH, Yeon HW, Choi JS, et al. Effects of three levels of arousal on 3-back working memory task performance. Cognitive Neuroscience. 2013;4:1–6. doi: 10.1080/17588928.2011.634064 24073694
19. Riediger M, Wrzus C, Klipker K, Müller V, Schmiedek F, Wagner GG. Outside of the laboratory: Associations of working-memory performance with psychological and physiological arousal vary with age. Psychology and Aging. 2014;29:103. doi: 10.1037/a0035766 24660800
20. Nachev P, Kennard C, Husain M. Functional role of the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas. Nature Review Neuroscience. 2008;9:856–869.
21. Lara AH, Wallis JD. The role of prefrontal cortex in working memory: A mini review. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. 2015;9:173. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00173 26733825
22. Mars RB, Grol MJ. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, working memory, and prospective coding for action. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2007;27:1801–1802. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5344-06.2007 17315341
23. Baddeley A. Working memory: Looking back and looking forward. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2003;4:829–839. doi: 10.1038/nrn1201 14523382
24. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams J. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorders, research version, patient edition with psychotic screen (SCID-I/P W/PSY SCREEN). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research. 2001.
25. Rauscher FH. Chapter 13—Mozart and the mind: Factual and fictional effects of musical enrichment. In: Joshua A, editor. Improving Academic Achievement. San Diego: Academic Press; 2002. p. 267–278.
26. Kim K, Lee M. A study on the factors and production methods for effective user experience design: Based on Angry Birds, a smartphone game. Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences. 2013;5:314–321.
27. Ferreira LA, Lopes GAW, Santos PE. Combining qualitative spatial representation utility function and decision making under uncertainty on the Angry Birds domain. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Beijing, China. 2013. Available: https://aibirdsorg/2013-Papers/Symposium/fei2pdf. Acessed 22 March 2013.
28. Heinzel S, Lorenz RC, Brockhaus WR, Wustenberg T, Kathmann N, Heinz A, et al. Working memory load-dependent brain response predicts behavioral training gains in older adults. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2014a;34:1224–1233. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2463-13.2014 24453314
29. Heinzel S, Riemer TG, Schulte S, Onken J, Heinz A, Rapp MA. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype affects age-related changes in plasticity in working memory: A pilot study. BioMed Research International. 2014b;2014:414351. doi: 10.1155/2014/414351 24772423
30. Heinzel S, Schulte S, Onken J, Duong QL, Riemer TG, Heinz A, et al. Working memory training improvements and gains in non-trained cognitive tasks in young and older adults. Neuropsychology Development, and Cognition: Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition. 2014c;21:146–173.
31. Bond A, Lader M. The use of analogue scales in rating subjective feelings. British Journal of Medical Psychology. 1974;47:211–218.
32. Weygandt M, Meyer-Arndt L, Behrens JR, Wakonig K, Bellmann-Strobl J, Ritter K, et al. Stress-induced brain activity, brain atrophy, and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2016;113:13444–13449.
33. Cramer AOJ, van Ravenzwaaij D, Matzke D, Steingroever H, Wetzels R, Grasman RPPP, et al. Hidden multiplicity in exploratory multiway ANOVA: Prevalence and remedies. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2016;23:640–647.
34. Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker BM, Walker S. lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4. R package version 1.1–20. Available: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/index.html. 4 February 2019.
35. Venables WN, Ripley BD. Modern Applied Statistics with S. Fourth Edition. Springer, New York. 2002.
36. Akaike H. On entropy maximization principle. In: Krishnaiah P.R. (Editor). Applications of Statistics, North-Holland, Amsterdam. 1977. p. 27–41.
37. Schwarz G. Estimating the dimension of a model. Annals of Statistics. 1978;6:461–464.
38. Kuznetsova A, Brockhoff PB, Christensen RHB. lmerTest: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3.1–0. Available: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lmerTest/index.html. 11 February 2019.
39. Yarkoni T, Poldrack RA, Nichols TE, Van Essen DC, Wager TD. Large-scale automated synthesis of human functional neuroimaging data. Nature Methods. 2011;8:665–670. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1635 21706013
40. Kühn S, Gallinat J. Amount of lifetime video gaming is positively associated with entorhinal, hippocampal and occipital volume. Molecular Psychiatry. 2014;19:842–847. doi: 10.1038/mp.2013.100 23958958
41. Wechsler D. WAIS-III, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: Administration and Scoring Manual: San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 1997.
42. Lehrl S. Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenztest MWT-B (5th ed.) Spitta Verlag, Balingen. 2005.
43. Morris JC, Heyman A, Mohs RC, Hughes JP, van Belle G, Fillenbaum G, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assesment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1989;39:1159. doi: 10.1212/wnl.39.9.1159 2771064
44. Isaacs B, Kennie AT. The set test as an aid to the detection of dementia in old people. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1973;123:467–470. doi: 10.1192/bjp.123.4.467 4748864
45. Army Individual Test Battery. Manual of directions and scoring. Washington, DC: War Department, Adjutant General’s Office.1944.
46. Melby-Lervag M, Redick TS, Hulme C. Working memory training does not improve performance on measures of intelligence or other measures of "far transfer": Evidence from a meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science: A journal of the Association for Psychological Science. 2016;11:512–534. doi: 10.1177/1745691616635612 27474138
47. Bergmann HC, Rijpkema M, Fernández G, Kessels RPC. The effects of valence and arousal on associative working memory and long-term memory. PLOS ONE. 2012;7:e52616. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052616 23300724
48. Dastgheib SS, Layegh P, Sadeghi R, Foroughipur M, Shoeibi A, Gorji A. The effects of Mozart's music on interictal activity in epileptic patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 2014;14:420. doi: 10.1007/s11910-013-0420-x 24272274
49. Ahmed L, de Fockert JW. Focusing on attention: The effects of working memory capacity and load on selective attention. PLOS ONE. 2012;7:e43101. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043101 22952636
50. Nee DE, Brown JW, Askren MK, Berman MG, Demiralp E, Krawitz A, et al. A meta-analysis of executive components of working memory. Cerebral Cortex. 2013;23:264–282. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs007 22314046
51. Boehler CN, Appelbaum LG, Krebs RM, Hopf JM, Woldorff MG. Pinning down response inhibition in the brain–conjunction analyses of the Stop-signal task. NeuroImage. 2010;52:1621–1632. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.276 20452445
52. Ishii A, Tanaka M, Watanabe Y. Neural mechanisms of mental fatigue. Reviews in the Neurosciences. 2014;25:469–479. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0028 24926625
Článok vyšiel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 10
- Metamizol jako analgetikum první volby: kdy, pro koho, jak a proč?
- Nejasný stín na plicích – kazuistika
- Masturbační chování žen v ČR − dotazníková studie
- Těžké menstruační krvácení může značit poruchu krevní srážlivosti. Jaký management vyšetření a léčby je v takovém případě vhodný?
- Fixní kombinace paracetamol/kodein nabízí synergické analgetické účinky
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Correction: Low dose naltrexone: Effects on medication in rheumatoid and seropositive arthritis. A nationwide register-based controlled quasi-experimental before-after study
- Combining CDK4/6 inhibitors ribociclib and palbociclib with cytotoxic agents does not enhance cytotoxicity
- Experimentally validated simulation of coronary stents considering different dogboning ratios and asymmetric stent positioning
- Risk factors associated with IgA vasculitis with nephritis (Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis) progressing to unfavorable outcomes: A meta-analysis