Estimation of the incidence of animal rabies in Punjab, India
Autoři:
Gurlal S. Gill aff001; Balbir B. Singh aff001; Navneet K. Dhand aff003; Rabinder S. Aulakh aff001; Bhupinder S. Sandhu aff001; Michael P. Ward aff003; Victoria J. Brookes aff003
Působiště autorů:
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
aff001; Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
aff002; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
aff003; School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
aff004
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222198
Souhrn
Background
Rabies is a devastating zoonotic disease of mammals that causes encephalitis and death. It is endemic in India, with an estimated annual 20,000 human deaths (one-third of the global rabies burden). The magnitude of animal rabies incidence is unknown.
Methods
In four sub-districts of Punjab, India, we monitored canine and livestock populations from August 15, 2016 to August 14, 2017. Demographic, clinical and rabies diagnostic laboratory (RDL) data were collected from suspected cases of rabies. The annual incidence rate / 10,000 animal years at risk (95% CI) in each sub-district was estimated for each species.
Results
During 2016–2017, a total of 41 suspected rabies cases were detected in the four selected sub-districts in Punjab. Laboratory confirmed rabies (LCR) incidence was 2.03/10,000 dog years (0.69, 5.96) and 2.71/10,000 dog years (1.14, 6.43) in stray and pet dogs, respectively. The LCR incidence in farmed buffalo and cattle was 0.19/10,000 buffalo years (0.07, 0.57) and 0.23/10,000 cattle years (0.06, 0.88), respectively. The LCR incidence amongst equine was 4.28/10,000 equine years (0.48, 38.10). Stray cattle rabies incidence in the selected sub-districts was 9.49/10,000 cattle years (3.51, 25.67). If similar enhanced surveillance for rabies was conducted state-wide, we estimate that 98 (34–294) buffalo, 18 (2–156) equine, 56 (15–214) farmed cattle, 96 (35–259) stray cattle, 128 (54–303) pet dogs and 62 (21–182) stray dogs would be expected to be confirmed with rabies in Punjab annually.
Conclusion
These results indicate that rabies incidence in animals, particularly in dogs and stray cattle, is much higher than previously suspected. We recommend that statewide enhanced disease surveillance should be conducted to obtain more accurate estimates of rabies incidence in Punjab to facilitate better control of this important disease.
Klíčová slova:
Biology and life sciences – Organisms – Eukaryota – Animals – People and places – Population groupings – Professions – Geographical locations – Medicine and health sciences – Animal types – Pets and companion animals – Vertebrates – Amniotes – Mammals – Dogs – Zoology – Infectious diseases – Tropical diseases – Agriculture – Viral diseases – Neglected tropical diseases – Rabies – Zoonoses – Veterinary science – Veterinary diseases – Bovines – Cattle – Ruminants – Livestock – Asia – India – Veterinarians
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