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Xenopus fraseri: Mr. Fraser, where did your frog come from?


Autoři: Ben J. Evans aff001;  Marie-Theres Gansauge aff002;  Edward L. Stanley aff003;  Benjamin L. S. Furman aff001;  Caroline M. S. Cauret aff001;  Caleb Ofori-Boateng aff005;  Václav Gvoždík aff006;  Jeffrey W. Streicher aff008;  Eli Greenbaum aff009;  Richard C. Tinsley aff010;  Matthias Meyer aff002;  David C. Blackburn aff003
Působiště autorů: Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada aff001;  Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz, Leipzig, Germany aff002;  Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America aff003;  Department of Zoology, Beaty Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada aff004;  Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi, Ghana aff005;  Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic aff006;  Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic aff007;  Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom aff008;  Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, United States of America aff009;  School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom aff010
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220892

Souhrn

A comprehensive, accurate, and revisable alpha taxonomy is crucial for biodiversity studies, but is challenging when data from reference specimens are difficult to collect or observe. However, recent technological advances can overcome some of these challenges. To illustrate this, we used modern approaches to tackle a centuries-old taxonomic enigma presented by Fraser’s Clawed Frog, Xenopus fraseri, including whether X. fraseri is different from other species, and if so, where it is situated geographically and phylogenetically. To facilitate these inferences, we used high-resolution techniques to examine morphological variation, and we generated and analyzed complete mitochondrial genome sequences from all Xenopus species, including >150-year-old type specimens. Our results demonstrate that X. fraseri is indeed distinct from other species, firmly place this species within a phylogenetic context, and identify its minimal geographic distribution in northern Ghana and northern Cameroon. These data also permit novel phylogenetic resolution into this intensively studied and biomedically important group. Xenopus fraseri was formerly thought to be a rainforest endemic placed alongside species in the amieti species group; in fact this species occurs in arid habitat on the borderlands of the Sahel, and is the smallest member of the muelleri species group. This study illustrates that the taxonomic enigma of Fraser’s frog was a combined consequence of sparse collection records, interspecies conservation and intraspecific polymorphism in external anatomy, and type specimens with unusual morphology.

Klíčová slova:

DNA – Biology and life sciences – Cell biology – Genetics – Genomics – Genome analysis – Biochemistry – Nucleic acids – Organisms – Eukaryota – Computational biology – Research and analysis methods – Animal studies – Experimental organism systems – Model organisms – Evolutionary biology – Database and informatics methods – Bioinformatics – Sequence analysis – Animals – Animal models – Computer and information sciences – Evolutionary systematics – Phylogenetics – Phylogenetic analysis – Taxonomy – Population biology – Data management – Cellular structures and organelles – Population genetics – Animal genomics – Vertebrates – Earth sciences – Geography – Ecology and environmental sciences – Bioenergetics – Energy-producing organelles – Mitochondria – Forms of DNA – Mitochondrial DNA – Amphibians – Frogs – Xenopus – Amphibian genomics – Phylogeography – Biogeography – DNA sequence analysis


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