Kinematic determinants of scoring success in the fencing flick: Logistic and linear multiple regression analysis
Autoři:
Anya N. Michaelsen aff001; Corey L. Cleland aff001
Působiště autorů:
Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States of America
aff001
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222075
Souhrn
Sport fencing is an open-skilled combat sport practiced around the world. Although previous research addressed kinematics of the lunge and fleche, there are currently no studies on the flick. The flick is a high-level action that involves bending the blade toward the opponent, much like a whip or fly-fishing cast. The aim of our research was to identify the kinematic variables that significantly influence scoring success in two elite foil fencers. In particular, we asked what aspect of the movement each individual fencer can change to improve their likelihood of scoring. Two elite foil fencers of similar skill were instructed to execute flicks at a dummy target that mimicked the opponent’s shoulder. High speed video (650 fps) captured the motion of the tip of the foil, blade of the foil, and limb joints; the latter were used to calculate joint angular velocities, hand height and distance throughout the flick. Scoring success was determined with a conventional scoring box. Our results showed that the two fencers exhibited significantly different kinematics, coordination and scoring. Using three complementary regression approaches, we showed that each fencer could improve scoring by changing specific aspects of their kinematics. For fencer A, only improvement in consistency in distance from the target would improve scoring. For fencer B, the changes were more complex. In addition to improvement in consistency in distance, fencer B could also increase (finger, wrist) or decrease (shoulder) joint angular velocity or improve consistency of limb joint angular velocities. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to common coaching practice, hand height had only a weak effect, possibly because both fencers had learnt to keep their hand high at the end of the action. In summary, our results emphasize that coaching of elite fencers should be individualized.
Klíčová slova:
Body limbs – Skeletal joints – Kinematics – Shoulders
Zdroje
1. Roi GS, Bianchedi D. The science of fencing. Sports Med. 2008;38(6):465–481. doi: doi: 10.2165/00007256-200838060-00003 18489194
2. Handelman R. Fencing: A Practical Guide for Training Young Athletes: Pattinando Publishing; 2010.
3. Murgu A. Fencing. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2006;17(3):725–736. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2006.05.008 16952760
4. Green W. Distinguishing Characteristics of Classical Fencing when Compared to Modern Fencing. Classical Academy of Arms. 2016.
5. Chen TL, Wong DW, Wang Y, Ren S, Yan F, Zhang M. Biomechanics of fencing sport: A scoping review. PloS ONE. 2017;12(2): e0171578. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171578 28187164
6. Harmer PA. Getting to the point: injury patterns and medical care in competitive fencing. Current sports medicine reports. 2008;7(5):303–307. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e318187083b 18772692
7. Sinclair J, Bottoms L, Taylor K, Greenhalgh A. Tibial shock measured during the fencing lunge: the influence of footwear. Sports Biomech. 2010;9(2):65–71. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2010.491161 20806842
8. Greenhalgh A, Bottoms L, Sinclair J. Influence of surface on impact shock experienced during a fencing lunge. J Appl Biomech. 2013;29(4):463–467. 22923353
9. Turner A, James N, Dimitriou L, Greenhalgh A, Moody J, Fulcher D, et al. Determinants of Olympic fencing performance and implications for strength and conditioning training. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(10):3001–3011. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000478 24714533
10. Sinclair J, Bottoms L. Gender specific ACL loading patterns during the fencing lunge: Implications for ACL injury risk. Science & Sports. 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.05.005
11. Bauchmoyer SL, Lefevers V. Relationships Between Components of Speed, Accuracy, and Fencing Success. International Symp on Biomech Sports. 1975:1–8.
12. Stewart Kerry J, Peredo Alfred R, Williams CM. Physiological and morphological factors associated with successful fencing performance. J Hum Ergol. 1977;6(1):53–60. doi: 10.11183/jhe1972.6.53
13. Sapega AA, Minkoff J, Nicholas JA, Valsamis M. Sport-specific performance factor profiling: Fencing as a prototype. Am J Sports Med. 1978;6(5):232–235. doi: 10.1177/036354657800600504 707682
14. Cronin J, McNair P, Marshall R. Lunge performance and its determinants. J Sports Sci. 2003;21(1):49–57. doi: 10.1080/0264041031000070958 12587891
15. Sinclair JK, Bottoms L. Gender differences in the Achilles tendon load during the fencing lunge. Balt J Health Phys Activity. 2014;6(3):199. doi: 10.2478/bjha-2014-0018
16. Sinclair J, Bottoms L. Gender differences in patellofemoral load during the epee fencing lunge. Res Sports Med. 2015;23(1):51–58. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2014.975813 25630246
17. Bottoms L, Greenhalgh A, Sinclair J. Kinematic determinants of weapon velocity during the fencing lunge in experienced épée fencers. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2013;15(4):113. doi: 10.5277/abb130414
18. Zhang B, Chu D, Hong Y. Biomechanical analysis of the lunge technique in the elite female fencers. International Symp on Biomech Sports. 1999;1(1):65–68.
19. Gholipour M, Tabrizi A, Farahmand F. Kinematics analysis of lunge fencing using stereophotogrametry. World J Sport Sci. 2008;1(1):32–37.
20. Guan Y, Guo L, Wu N, Zhang L, Warburton DER. Biomechanical insights into the determinants of speed in the fencing lunge. Eur J Sports Sci. 2018;18(2):201–208. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1414886 29249174
21. Singer RN. Speed and Accuracy of Movement as Related to Fencing Success. Res Q Am Assoc Health Physical Ed. 1968;39(4):1080–1083. doi: 10.1080/10671188.1968.10613465
22. Harmenberg J, Ceci R, Barvestad P, Hjerpe K, Nyström J. Comparison of different tests of fencing performance. Age. 1991;23:21–30. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024736 1797700
23. Williams L, Walmsley A. Response timing and muscular coordination in fencing: a comparison of elite and novice fencers. J Sci Med Sports. 2000;3(4):460–475. doi: 10.1016/S1440-2440(00)80011-0
24. Klinger A, Adrian M, Dee L. Effect of Pre-Lunge Conditions on Performance of Elite Female Fencers. 1985.
25. Frère J, Göpfert B, Nüesch C, Huber C, Fischer M, Wirz D, et al. Kinematical and EMG-classifications of a fencing attack. Int J Sports Med. 2011;32(01):28–34. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1267199 21086241
26. Gresham-Fiegel CN, House PD, Zupan MF. The effect of nonleading foot placement on power and velocity in the fencing lunge. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(1):57–63. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31824e0e9d 22395272
27. Zhang D, Ding H, Wang X, Qi C, Luo Y. Enhanced response inhibition in experienced fencers. Sci Rep. 2015;5:16282. doi: 10.1038/srep16282 26541899
28. Gutiérrez-Cruz C, Rojas FJ, Gutiérrez-Davila M. Effect of defence response time during lunge in foil fencing. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(7):651–657. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1068434 26185981
29. Gutiérrez-Davila M, Rojas FJ, Gutiérrez-Cruz C, Navarro E. Effect of dual-attention task on attack and defensive actions in fencing. European Journal of Sport Science. 2017;17(8):1004–1012. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1332100 28562182
30. Sinclair J, Bottoms L. Differences in Limb and Joint Stiffness during the Fencing Lunge. Cent Eur J Sport Sci Med. 2015;11(3):39–44. doi: 10.18276/cej.2015.3–04
31. Garret MR, Kaidanov EG, Pezza GA. Foil, Saber, and Épée Fencing: Skills, Safety, Operations, and Responsibilities. State College, PA: Penn State Press; 1994.
32. Barth B, Beck E. The complete guide to fencing. Aachen, Germany: Meyer & Meyer Verlag; 2007.
33. Goriely A, McMillen T. Shape of a cracking whip. Phys Rev Lett. 2002;88(24):244–301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.244301 12059302
34. Robson JM. The physics of fly casting. American Journal of Physics. 1990;58(3):234–240. doi: 10.1119/1.16191
35. Inouye JM, Valero-Cuevas FJ. Muscle synergies heavily influence the neural control of arm endpoint stiffness and energy consumption. PLoS Comput Biol. 2016;12(2):e1004737. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004737 26867014
36. Aquili A, Tancredi V, Triossi T, De Sanctis D, Padua E, D'arcangelo G, et al. Performance analysis in saber. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27(3):624–630. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318257803f 23443217
37. Wylde JM, Tan FHY, O’Donoghue GP. A time-motion analysis of elite women’s foil fencing. Int J Perf Anal Sport . 2013;13(2):365–376. doi: 10.1080/24748668.2013.11868654
Článok vyšiel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 9
- Metamizol jako analgetikum první volby: kdy, pro koho, jak a proč?
- Nejasný stín na plicích – kazuistika
- Masturbační chování žen v ČR − dotazníková studie
- Úspěšná resuscitativní thorakotomie v přednemocniční neodkladné péči
- Fixní kombinace paracetamol/kodein nabízí synergické analgetické účinky
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Graviola (Annona muricata) attenuates behavioural alterations and testicular oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin in diabetic rats
- CH(II), a cerebroprotein hydrolysate, exhibits potential neuro-protective effect on Alzheimer’s disease
- Comparison between Aptima Assays (Hologic) and the Allplex STI Essential Assay (Seegene) for the diagnosis of Sexually transmitted infections
- Assessment of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity using CareStart G6PD rapid diagnostic test and associated genetic variants in Plasmodium vivax malaria endemic setting in Mauritania