Expression of genes in the skeletal muscle of individuals with cachexia/sarcopenia: A systematic review

English version

Autoři: Cecily A. Byrne ^aff001; Amy T. McNeil ^aff001; Timothy J. Koh ^aff001; Amelia F. Brunskill ^aff002; Giamila Fantuzzi ^aff001
Působiště autorů: University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Chicago, IL, United States of America ^aff001; University of Illinois at Chicago, Library of the Health Sciences, Chicago, IL, United States of America ^aff002
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222345

Souhrn

Background

Cachexia occurs in individuals affected by chronic diseases in which systemic inflammation leads to fatigue, debilitation, decreased physical activity and sarcopenia. The pathogenesis of cachexia-associated sarcopenia is not fully understood.

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current evidence on genes expressed in the skeletal muscles of humans with chronic disease-associated cachexia and/or sarcopenia (cases) compared to controls and to assess the strength of such evidence.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL using three concepts: cachexia/sarcopenia and associated symptoms, gene expression, and skeletal muscle.

Results

Eighteen genes were studied in at least three research articles, for a total of 27 articles analyzed in this review. Participants were approximately 60 years of age and majority male; sample size was highly variable. Use of comparison groups, matching criteria, muscle biopsy location, and definitions of cachexia and sarcopenia were not homogenous. None of the studies fulfilled all four criteria used to assess the quality of molecular analysis, with only one study powered on the outcome of gene expression. FOXO1 was the only gene significantly increased in cases versus healthy controls. No study found a significant decrease in expression of genes involved in autophagy, apoptosis or inflammation in cases versus controls. Inconsistent or non-significant findings were reported for genes involved in protein degradation, muscle differentiation/growth, insulin/insulin growth factor-1 or mitochondrial transcription.

Conclusion

Currently available evidence on gene expression in the skeletal muscles of humans with chronic disease-associated cachexia and/or sarcopenia is not powered appropriately and is not homogenous; therefore, it is difficult to compare results across studies and diseases.

Klíčová slova:

Biology and life sciences – Genetics – Gene expression – Research and analysis methods – Anatomy – Medicine and health sciences – Pathology and laboratory medicine – Physiology – Physiological parameters – Diagnostic medicine – Signs and symptoms – Body weight – Pulmonology – Research assessment – Systematic reviews – Musculoskeletal system – Surgical and invasive medical procedures – Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – Sarcopenia – Muscles – Skeletal muscles – Weight loss – Abdominal surgery

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