Dry period heat stress induces microstructural changes in the lactating mammary gland
Autoři:
Bethany Dado-Senn aff001; Amy L. Skibiel aff001; Thiago F. Fabris aff001; Geoffrey E. Dahl aff001; Jimena Laporta aff001
Působiště autorů:
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
aff001
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222120
Souhrn
The bovine dry period is a non-lactating period between consecutive lactations characterized by mammary gland involution and redevelopment phases to replace senescent mammary epithelial cells with active cells primed for the next lactation. Dairy cows exposed to heat stress during the dry period experience milk yield reductions between 3–7.5 kg/d in the next lactation, partially attributed to processes associated with mammary cell growth and turnover during the dry period. However, the carry-over impact of dry period heat stress on mammary morphology during lactation has yet to be determined. In the current study, we hypothesized that exposure to heat stress during the dry period would alter alveolar microstructure and cellular turnover (i.e. proliferation and apoptosis) during lactation. Cows were either subjected to heat stress (HT, access to shade; n = 12) or cooling (CL, access to shade, fans, and soakers; n = 12) for a 46 d dry period. Upon calving, all cows were treated similarly with access to cooling for their entire lactation. Six cows per treatment were randomly selected for mammary gland biopsies at 14, 42, and 84 days in milk. Tissues were sectioned and stained for histological analysis. During lactation, HT cows produced 4 kg less colostrum and 3.7 kg less milk compared with CL cows. Lactating mammary gland microstructure was impacted after exposure to dry period heat stress; HT cows had fewer alveoli and a higher proportion of connective tissue in the mammary gland relative to CL cows, however alveolar area was similar between treatments. Rates of mammary epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis were similar between treatment groups. This suggests that heat stress exposure during the dry period leads to reductions in milk yield that could be caused, in part, by a reduction in alveoli number in the lactating mammary gland but not to dynamic alterations in cellular turnover once lactation is established.
Klíčová slova:
Biology and life sciences – Cell biology – Physical sciences – Cell processes – Anatomy – Medicine and health sciences – Pathology and laboratory medicine – Reproductive system – Physiology – Reproductive physiology – Diagnostic medicine – Signs and symptoms – Endocrinology – Nutrition – Body fluids – Diet – Physics – Cell death – Classical mechanics – Beverages – Milk – Apoptosis – Endocrine physiology – Biological tissue – Connective tissue – Surgical and invasive medical procedures – Exocrine glands – Mechanical stress – Thermal stresses – Biopsy – Breast tissue – Mammary glands – Hyperthermia
Zdroje
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