Relationship between cognitive behavioral variables and mental health status among university students: A meta-analysis

1. Auerbach RP, Alonso J, Axinn WG, Cuijpers P, Ebert DD, Green JG, et al. Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med. 2016;46(14):2955–70. doi: 10.1017/S0033291716001665 27484622

2. Steptoe A, Tsuda A, Tanaka Y, Wardle J. Depressive symptoms, socio-economic background, sense of control, and cultural factors in university students from 23 countries. Int J Behav Med. 2007;14(2):97–107. 17926438

3. Richardson M, Abraham C, Bond R. Psychological correlates of university students’ academic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 2012;138(2):353–87. doi: 10.1037/a0026838 22352812

4. Weissman MM, Wolk S, Wickramaratne P, Goldstein RB, Adams P, Greenwald S et al. Children with prepubertal-onset major depressive disorder and anxiety grown up. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56(9):794–801. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.56.9.794 12884885

5. World Health Organization. Constitution of the World Health Organization [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2017 Feb 25]. Available from: http://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf

6. Keyes CLM. Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005;73(3):539–48. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.539 15982151

7. Ryff CD. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989;57(6):1069–81.

8. Charlesworth E, Murphy S, Beutler L. Stress management skill for nursing students. J Clin Psychol. 1981;37(2):284–90. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198104)37:2<284::aid-jclp2270370210>3.0.co;2-8 6112243

9. Perna F, Antoni M, Kumar M, Cruess D, Schneiderman N. Cognitive-behavioral intervention effects on mood and cortisol during exercise training. Ann Behav Med. 1998;20(2):92–8. doi: 10.1007/BF02884454 9989314

10. Rosenzweig S, Reibel DK, Greeson JM, Brainard GC, Hojat M. Mindfulness-based stress reduction lowers psychological distress in medical students. Teach Learn Med. 2003;15(2):88–92. doi: 10.1207/S15328015TLM1502_03 12708065

11. Levin M, Haeger J, Pierce B, Twohig M. Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for mental health problems in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Modif. 2017;41(1):141–62. doi: 10.1177/0145445516659645 27440189

12. Harvey AG, Watkins E, Mansell W, Shafran R. Cognitive Behavioural Processes Across Psychological Disorders: A transdiagnostic approach to research and treatment. New York: Oxford University Press; 2004.

13. Conley CS, Durlak JA, Dickson DA. An evaluative review of outcome research on universal mental health promotion and prevention programs for higher education students. J Am Coll Heal. 2013;61(5):286–301.

14. Merikangas KR, He JP, Burstein M, Swendsen J, Avenevoli S, Case B, et al. Service utilization for lifetime mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results of the national comorbidity surveyAdolescent supplement (NCS-A). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50(1):32–45. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.10.006 21156268

15. Taylor L, Waite P, Halldorsson B, Percy R, Violato M, Creswell C. Protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility study examining the efficacy of brief cognitive therapy for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Adolescents (TAD-A). Trials. 2019;20(1):1–15. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-3101-x

16. Mowbray CT, Megivern D, Mandiberg JM, Strauss S, Stein CH, Collins K, et al. Campus mental health services: Recommendations for change. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2006;76(2):226–37. doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.76.2.226 16719642

17. McIndoo CC, File AA, Preddy T, Clark CG, Hopko DR. Mindfulness-based therapy and behavioral activation: A randomized controlled trial with depressed college students. Behav Res Ther [Internet]. 2016;77:118–28. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.012 26745622

18. Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of intervention. England, UK: Wiley; 2008.

19. Anderson CA, Arnoult LH. An examination of perceived control, humor, irrational beliefs, and positive stress as moderators of the relation between negative stress and health. Basic Appl Soc Psych. 1989;10(2):101–17.

20. Berking M, Poppe C, Luhmann M, Wupperman P, Jaggi V, Seifritz E. Is the association between various emotion-regulation skills and mental health mediated by the ability to modify emotions? Results from two cross-sectional studies. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2012;43(3):931–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.009 22406495

21. Bettis AH, Coiro MJ, England J, Murphy LK, Zelkowitz RL, Dejardins L, et al. Comparison of two approaches to prevention of mental health problems in college students: Enhancing coping and executive function skills. J Am Coll Heal [Internet]. 2017;65(5):313–22. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2017.1312411

22. Birks Y, McKendree J, Watt I. Emotional intelligence and perceived stress in healthcare students: A multi-institutional, multi-professional survey. BMC Med Educ. 2009;9:61. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-9-61 19761603

23. Bodenlos JS, Wells SY, Noonan M, Mayrsohn A. Facets of dispositional mindfulness and health among college students. J Altern Complement Med. 2015;21(10):645–52. doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0302 26352341

24. Bowlin SL, Baer RA. Relationships between mindfulness, self-control, and psychological functioning. Pers Individ Dif. 2012;52(3):411–5.

25. Brittian AS, Kim SY, Armenta BE, Lee RM, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Schwartz SJ, et al. Do dimensions of ethnic identity mediate the association between perceived ethnic group discrimination and depressive symptoms? Cult Divers Ethn Minor Psychol. 2015;21(1):41–53.

26. Calogero RM, Pina A. Body guilt: Preliminary evidence for a further subjective experience of self-objectification. Psychol Women Q. 2011;35(3):428–40.

27. Chen AC, Szalacha LA, Menon U. Perceived discrimination and its associations with mental health and substance use among Asian American and Pacific Islander undergraduate and graduate students. J Am Coll Heal. 2014;62(6):390–8.

28. Coffey KA, Hartman M, Fredrickson BL. Deconstructing mindfulness and constructing mental health: Understanding mindfulness and its mechanisms of action. Mindfulness (N Y). 2010;1(4):235–53.

29. Costa H, Ripoll P, Sánchez M, Carvalho C. Emotional intelligence and self-efficacy: Effects on psychological well-being in college students. Span J Psychol. 2013;16.

30. Deng Y, Li S, Tang Y, Zhu L, Ryan RM, Brown KW. Psychometric properties of the Chinese translation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Mindfulness (N Y). 2011;3(1):10–4.

31. Disch WB, Harlow LL, Campbell JF, Dougan TR. Student functioning, concerns, and socio-personal well-being. Soc Indic Res. 2000;51(1):41–74.

32. Flett AL, Haghbin M, Pychyl TA. No TitleProcrastination and depression from a cognitive perspective: An exploration of the associations among procrastinatory automatic thoughts, rumination, and mindfulness. J Ration Cogn Ther. 2016;43(3):169–86.

33. Gilbert BD, Christopher MS. Mindfulness-based attention as a moderator of the relationship between depressive affect and negative cognitions. Cogn Ther Res. 2009;34(6):514–21.

34. Griva F, Anagnostopoulos F. Positive psychological states and anxiety: The mediating effect of proactive coping. Psychol Rep. 2010;107(3):795–804. doi: 10.2466/02.20.PR0.107.6.795-804 21323138

35. Hintz S, Frazier P, Meredith L. Evaluating an online stress management intervention for college students. J Couns Psychol. 2015;62(2):137–47. doi: 10.1037/cou0000014 24635586

36. Hipwell M. Models of health enhancing and illness provoking factors in mental health [Internet]. Queen Margaret University; 2005. Available from: http://etheses.qmu.ac.uk/166/

37. Hovey JD, Seligman LD. Religious coping, family support, and negative affect in college students. Psychol Rep. 2007;100:787–8. doi: 10.2466/pr0.100.3.787-788 17688095

38. Iwasaki Y. No TitleRoles of leisure in coping with stress among university students: A repeated-assessment field study. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2003;16(1):31–57.

39. Jayalakshmi V, Magdalin S. Emotional intelligence, resilience and mental health of women college students. J Psychosoc Res. 2015;10(2):401–8.

40. Khan ZH, Watson PJ, Chen Z. Muslim spirituality, religious coping, and reactions to terrorism among Pakistani university students. J Relig Health. 2016;55(6):2086–98. doi: 10.1007/s10943-016-0263-2 27255263

41. Kim PY, Kendall DL, Webb M. Religious coping moderates the relation between racism and psychological well-being among Christian Asian American college students. J Couns Psychol. 2015;62(1):87–94. doi: 10.1037/cou0000055 25602609

42. Kneeland ET, Dovidio JF. Emotion Malleability Beliefs and Coping With the College Transition. Emotion. 2019;

43. Koesten J, Schrodt P, Ford D. Cognitive flexibility as a mediator of family communication environments and young adults’ well-being. Health Commun. 2009;24(1):82–94. doi: 10.1080/10410230802607024 19204861

44. Kraemer KM, Bryan EM, McLeish AC. Intolerance of uncertainty as a mediator of the relationship between mindfulness and health anxiety. Mindfulness (N Y). 2016;7(4):859–65.

45. Krafft J, Haeger JA, Levin ME. Comparing cognitive fusion and cognitive reappraisal as predictors of college student mental health. Cogn Behav Ther [Internet]. 2019;48(3):241–52. Available from: doi: 10.1080/16506073.2018.1513556 30230428

46. Lihua Z, Gui C, Yanghua J. Self-compassion and confucian coping as a predictor of depression and anxiety in impoverished Chinese undergraduates. Psychol Rep. 2017;120(4):627–38.

47. Luo Y, Wang H. Correlation research on psychological health impact on nursing students against stress, coping way and social support. Nurse Educ Today. 2009;29(1):5–8. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2008.05.019 18692281

48. Mahmoud JS, Staten R, Hall LA, Lennie TA. The relationship among young adult college students’ depression, anxiety, stress, demographics, life satisfaction, and coping styles. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2012;33(3):149–56. doi: 10.3109/01612840.2011.632708 22364426

49. Marino C, Vieno A, Lenzi M, Fernie BA, Nikčević A V., Spada MM. Personality traits and metacognitions as predictors of positive mental health in college students. J Happiness Stud. 2016;

50. Masuda A, Tully EC. The role of mindfulness and psychological flexibility in somatization, depression, anxiety, and general psychological distress in a nonclinical college sample. J Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2012;17(1):66–71.

51. Masuda A, Wendell JW. Mindfulness mediates the relation between disordered eating-related cognitions and psychological distress. Eat Behav. 2010;11(4):293–6. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.07.001 20850066

52. Masuda A, Anderson PL, Sheehan ST. Mindfulness and mental health among African American college students. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2009;14(3):115–27.

53. Masuda A, Price M, Anderson P, Wendell JW. Disordered eating-related cognition and psychological flexibility as predictors of psychological health among college students. Behav Modif. 2010;34(1):3–15. doi: 10.1177/0145445509351569 20051522

54. Mayorga NA, Jardin C, Bakhshaie J, Garey L, Viana AG, Cardoso JB, et al. Acculturative stress, emotion regulation, and affective symptomology among Latino/a college students. J Couns Psychol. 2018;65(2):247–58. doi: 10.1037/cou0000263 29543479

55. Moeller RW, Seehuus M. Loneliness as a mediator for college students’ social skills and experiences of depression and anxiety. J Adolesc [Internet]. 2019;73(March):1–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.03.006

56. Montes-Berges B, Augusto JM. Exploring the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence, coping, social support and mental health in nursing students. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2007;14:163–71. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2007.01059.x 17352779

57. de Oliveira IR, Seixas C, Osório FL, Crippa JAS, de Abreu JN, Menezes IG, et al. Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CD-Quest) in a sample of undergraduate students. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2015;12(7–8):20–7. 26351620

58. Ranjbar M, Bayani AA, Bayani A. Social problem solving ability predicts mental health among undergraduate students. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(11):1337–41. 24404372

59. Sanchez D, Adams WN, Arango SC, Flannigan AE. Racial-ethnic microaggressions, coping strategies, and mental health in Asian American and Latinx American college students: A mediation model. J Couns Psychol. 2018;65(2):214–25. doi: 10.1037/cou0000249 29543476

60. Sanchez D, Smith L V., Adams W. The relationships among perceived discrimination, marianismo gender role attitudes, racial-ethnic socialization, coping styles, and mental health outcomes in Latina College Students. J Lat Psychol. 2018;6(1):1–15.

61. Sasaki M, Yamasaki K. Dispositional and situational coping and mental health status of university students. Psychol Rep. 2005;97(3):797–809. doi: 10.2466/pr0.97.3.797-809 16512298

62. Shapiro SL, Brown KW, Thoresen C, Plante TG. The moderation of Mindfulness-based stress reduction effects by trait mindfulness: results from a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol. 2011;67(3):267–77. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20761 21254055

63. Su Y, Chen S. Emerging posttraumatic growth: A prospective study with pre- and posttrauma psychological predictors. Psychol Trauma Theory, Res Pract Policy. 2015;7(2):103–11.

64. Thanoi W, Klainin-Yobas P. Assessing rumination response style among undergraduate nursing students: A construct validation study. Nurse Educ Today. 2015;35(5):641–6. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2015.01.001 25614016

65. Tucker RP, Wingate LR, O’ Keefe VM. Historical loss thinking and symptoms of depression are influenced by ethnic experience in American Indian college students. Cult Divers Ethn Minor Psychol. 2016;22(3):350–8.

66. Vand HDA, Gharraee B, Farid AA, Bandi MG. Prediction of insomnia severity based on cognitive, metacognitive, and emotional variables in college students. Explor J Sci Heal. 2014;10(4):233–40.

67. Wang S, Wong YJ, Yeh K. Relationship harmony, dialectical coping, and nonattachment: Chinese indigenous well-being and mental health. Couns Psychol. 2016;44(1):78–108.

68. Wang G, Liu L, Tan X, Zheng W. The moderating effect of dispositional mindfulness on the relationship between materialism and mental health. Pers Individ Dif [Internet]. 2017;107(March):131–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.041

69. Wong SS. Balanced states of mind in psychopathology and psychological well-being. Int J Psychol. 2010;45(4):269–77. doi: 10.1080/00207591003683090 22044012

70. Wong YJ, Tsai P, Liu T, Zhu Q, Wei M. Male Asian international students’ perceived racial discrimination, masculine identity, and subjective masculinity stress: a moderated mediation model. J Couns Psychol. 2014;61(4):560–9. doi: 10.1037/cou0000038 25111707

71. Woodruff SC, Glass CR, Arnkoff DB, Crowley K, Hindman RK, Hirschhorn EW. Comparing self-compassion, mindfulness, and psychological inflexibility as predictors of psychological health. Mindfulness (N Y). 2013;5(4):410–21.

72. Zawadzki MJ, Boals A, Mathews N, Schuler K, Southard-Dobbs S, Smyth JM. The relationship between perseverative cognitions and mental health and physical health complaints among college students. Cogent Psychol [Internet]. 2018;5(1):1–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2018.1475878

73. Zhou L, Chen J, Liu X, Lu D, Su L. Negative cognitive style as a mediator between self-compassion and hopelessness depression. Soc Behav Pers. 2013;41(9):1511–8.

74. Becker BJ, Wu M. The Synthesis of Regression Slopes in Meta-Analysis. Stat Sci. 2007;22(3):414–29.

75. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associaets; 1988.

76. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses Testing for heterogeneity. BMJ [Internet]. 2003;327(7414):557–60. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12958120%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC192859%0Ahttps://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.dbproxy.umfiasi.ro/pmc/articles/PMC192859/pdf/3270557.pdf doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 12958120

77. Egger M, Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical. Bmj. 1997;315:629–34. doi: 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 9310563

78. Duval S, Tweedie R. A Nonparametric “Trim and Fill” Method of Accounting for Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis. J Am Stat Assoc. 2000;95(449):89–98.

79. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Feb 1]. Available from: https://www.r-project.org/

80. Viechtbauer W. Package ‘metafor’ [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Feb 21]. Available from: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/metafor/metafor.pdf

81. Brown KW, Ryan RM. The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003;84(4):822–48. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 12703651

82. Baer RA, Smith GT, Hopkins J, Krietemeyer J, Toney L. Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment. 2006;13(1):27–45. doi: 10.1177/1073191105283504 16443717

83. Salovey P, Mayer JD, Goldman S, Turvey C, Palfai T. Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: exploring emotional intelligence using the trait meta-mood scale. In: Pennebaker JD, editor. Emotion, disclosure, and health. Washington: American Psychological Association; 1995.

84. Cartwright-Hatton S, Wells A. Beliefs about worry and intrusions: The Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire and its correlates. J Anxiety Disord. 1997;11(3):279–96. 9220301

85. Berking M, Znoj H. Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur standardisierten Selbsteinschätzung emotionaler Kompetenzen (SEK-27). [Development and validation of the emotion-regulation skills questionnaire (ERSQ-27)]. Zeitschrift für Psychiatr Psychol und Psychother. 2008;56:141e152.

86. Feldman G, Hayes A, Kumar S, Greeson J, Laurenceau J. Mindfulness and emotion regulation: The development and initial validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R). J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2007;29:177–90.

87. Neff KD. The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self Identity. 2003;2:223–50.

88. Schmeck RR. Learning style of college students. In: Dillon R, Schmeck RR, editors. Individual Differences in Cognition. New York: Academic Press; 1983.

89. McKinley NM, Hyde JS. The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale. Psychol Women Q. 1996;20(2):181–215.

90. Morin CM. Insomnia: Psychological Assessment and Management. New York: Guilford Press; 1993.

91. Frazier P, Keenan N, Anders S, Perera S, Schallcross S, Hintz S. Perceived past, present, and future control and adjustment to stressful life events. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011;100(4):749–65. doi: 10.1037/a0022405 21299308

92. Nolen-Hoeksema S, Morrow J. A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991;61(1):115–21. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.61.1.115 1890582

93. Nolen-Hoeksema S, Parker LE, Larson J. Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1994;67(1):92–104. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.67.1.92 8046585

94. Freeston MH, Rhéaume J, Letarte H, Dugas MJ, Ladouceur R. Why do people worry? Pers Individ Dif. 1994;17(6):791–802.

95. Buhr K, Dugas MJ. The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behav Res Ther. 2002;40(8):931–45. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00092-4 12186356

96. Mizes JS, Christiano B, Madison J, Post G, Seime R, Varnado P. Development of the Mizes Anorectic Cognitions Questionnaire-Revised: Psychometric properties and factor structure in a large sample of eating disorder patients. Int J Eat Disord. 2000;28(4):415–21. 11054788

97. Crandell CJ, Chambless DL. The validation of an inventory for measuring depressive thoughts: The Crandell Cognitions Inventory. Behav Res Ther. 1986;24(4):403–11. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(86)90005-7 3741306

98. Trapnell PD, Campbell JD. Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999;76(2):284–304. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.76.2.284 10074710

99. Hollon SD, Kendall PC. Cognitive self-statements in depression: Development of an automatic thoughts questionnaire. Cognit Ther Res. 1980;4(4):383–95.

100. Ingram RE, Wisnicki KS. Assessment of positive automatic cognition. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):898–902. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.898 3204200

101. Malcarne VL, Chavira DA, Fernandez S, Liu P. The scale of ethnic experience: Development and psychometric properties. J Pers Assess. 2006;86(2):150–61. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8602_04 16599789

102. Sandhu DS, Asrabadi BR. Development of an acculturative stress scale for international students: Preliminary Findings. Psychol Rep. 1994;75(1):435–48.

103. Williams DR, Yu Y, Jackson JS, Anderson NB. Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socio-economic status, stress and discrimination. J Health Psychol. 1997;2(3):335–51. doi: 10.1177/135910539700200305 22013026

104. Treynor W, Gonzalez R, Nolen-Hoeksema N. Ruminative reconsiderd: A psychometric analysis. Cognit Ther Res. 2003;27(3):247–59.

105. Wegner DM, Zanakos S. Chronic Thought Suppression. J Pers. 1994;62(4):615–40.

106. Wells A, Davies MI. The thought control questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behav Res Ther. 1994;32(8):871–8. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)90168-6 7993332

107. Gillanders DT, Bolderston H, Bond FW, Dempster M, Flaxman PE, Campbell L, et al. The Development and Initial Validation of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Behav Ther [Internet]. 2014;45(1):83–101. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2013.09.001 24411117

108. Bond FW, Bunce D. The role of acceptance and job control in mental health, job satisfaction, and work performance. J Appl Psychol. 2003;88(6):1057–67. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.88.6.1057 14640816

109. Carver CS. You want to measure coping but yout protocol’s too long: Consider the Brief COPE. Int J Behav Med. 1997;4:92–100. doi: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6 16250744

110. Schutte N, Malouff J, Hall L, Haggerty D, Cooper J, Golden C, et al. Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Pers Individ Dif. 1998;25(2):167–77.

111. Sasaki M, Yamasaki K. Development of a dispositional version of the General Coping Questionnaire (GCQ) and examination of its reliability and validity. Japanese J Public Heal. 2002;49(5):399–408.

112. Boudreaux E, Catz S, Amaral-Melendez M, Brantley PJ. The ways of Religious Coping Scale: Reliability, validity, and scale development. Assessment. 1995;2(3):233–44.

113. Wang X. A handbook of mental health measuring scale. Chinese Ment Heal J. 1999;12:318–20.

114. Gratz KL, Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2004;26(1):41–54.

115. Greenglass E. Proactive coping. In: Frydenberg E, editor. Beyond coping: Meeting goals, vision, and challenges. London: Oxford University Press; 2002. p. 37–62.

116. Pargament K, Feuille M, Burdzy D. The Brief RCOPE: Current psychometric status of a short measure of religious coping. Religions. 2011;2(1):51–76.

117. Martin MM, Rubin RB. A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychol Rep. 1995;76:623–6.

118. D’ Zurilla TJ, Maydeu-Olivares A, Gallardo-Pujol D. Predicting social problem solving using personality traits. Pers Individ Dif. 2011;50(2):142–7.

119. Carver CS, Scheier MF, Weintraub JK. Assessing coping strategies a theoretically based approach. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989;56(2):267–83. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.56.2.267 2926629

120. Riggio RE. Assessment of Basic Social Skills. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51(3):649–60.

121. Tobin DL, Holroyd KA, Reynolds R V., Wigal JK. The hierarchical factor structure of the coping strategies inventory. Cognit Ther Res. 1989;13(4):343–61.

122. Li TR, Hou YB. Psychological structure and psychometric validity of the Confucian coping. J Educ Sci Hum Norm Univ. 2012;11:11–8.

123. Connor-Smith JK, Compas BE, Wadsworth ME, Thomsen AH, Saltzman H. Responses to stress in adolescence: Measurement of coping and involuntary stress responses. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68(6):976–92. 11142550

124. Cassidy T, Long C. Problem-solving style, stress and psychological illness: Development of a multifactorial measure. Br J Clin Psychol. 1996;35(265–277).

125. Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988;54(6):1063–70. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1063 3397865

126. Crawford JR, Henry JD. Normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol. 2003;42:111–31. doi: 10.1348/014466503321903544 12828802

127. Thanoi W, Panitrat R, Phancharoenworakul K, Thompson E, Nityasuddhi D. The Adolescent Ruminative Response Scale Thai version: Psychometric properties. J Nurs Sci. 2011;29(3):29–38.

128. Thompson T, Dinnel DL, Dill NJ. Development and validation of a Body Image Guilt and Shame Scale. Pers Individ Dif. 2003;34:59–75.

129. Zuckerman M. The development of an affect adjective check list for the measurement of anxiety. J Consult Psychol. 1960;21:457–62.

130. Veit CT, Ware JE. The structure of psychological distress and well-being in general populations. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1983;51(5):730–42. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.51.5.730 6630688

131. Diener E, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S. The satisfaction with life scale. J Pers Assess. 1985;49(1):71–5. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 16367493

132. Fordyce MW. A review of research on the happiness measures: A sixty second index of happiness and mental health. Soc Indic Res. 1988;20(4):355–81.

133. Furlong MJ, You S, Renshaw TL, Smith DC, O’ Malley MD. Preliminary development and validation of the social and emotional health survey for secondary school students. Soc Indic Res. 2014;117(3):1011–32.

134. Ellison CW. Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement. J Psychol Theol. 1983;11:330–40.

135. Hills P, Argyle M. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A Compact scale of the measurement of psychological well-being. Pers Individ Dif. 2002;33(7):1073–82.

136. Ware JEJ, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care,. 1992;30(6):473–83.

137. Kwan VSY, Bond MH, Singelis TM. Pancultural explanations for life satisfaction adding relationship harmony to self-esteem. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997;73(5):1038–51. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.73.5.1038 9364759

138. Goldberg D. Manual of the general health questionnaire. Windsor, United Kingdom: National Foundation for Educational Research; 1978.

139. Davis MH. Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1983;44(1):113–26.

140. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24(4):385–96. 6668417

141. Locke BD, McAleavey AA, Zhao Y, Lei PW, Hayes JA, Castonguay LG, et al. Development and initial validation of the counseling center assessment of psychological symptoms-34. Meas Eval Couns Dev. 2012;45(3):151–69.

142. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelsohn M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4(6):561–71.

143. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893–7. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.893 3204199

144. Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1(3):385–401.

145. Derogatis LR, Spencer PM. The brief symptom inventory: Administration, scoring and procedure manual. Riderwood, MD: Clinical Psychometric Research, Inc; 1982.

146. Metalsky GI, Joiner TEJ. The Hopelessness Depression Symptom Questionnaire. Cognit Ther Res. 1997;21(3):359–84.

147. Meyer TJ, Miller ML, Metzger RL, Borkovec TD. Development and validation of the penn state worry questionnaire. Behav Res Ther. 1990;28(6):487–95. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6 2076086

148. Mond JM, Hay PJ, Rodgers B, Owen C. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q): Norms for young adult women. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(1):53–62. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.12.003 16301014

149. Rost K, Burnam MA, Smith GR. Development of screeners for depressive disorders and substance disorder history. Med Care. 1993;31:189–200. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199303000-00001 8450677

150. Foa EB, Cashman L, Jaycox L, Perry K. The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Psychol Assess. 1997;9(4):445–51.

151. Green DE, Walkey FH, McCormick IA, Taylor AJ. Development and evaluation of a 21-item version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist with New Zealand and United States respondents. Aust J Psychol. 1988;40(1):61–70.

152. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams BW. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606–13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x 11556941

153. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092–7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 16717171

154. Derogatis LR. Symptom Checklist-90-R: Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual. Minneapolis: National Computer Systems Person, Inc.; 1994.

155. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1970.

156. Morey LC. The Personality Assessment Inventory professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1991.

157. Costello CG, Comrey AL. Scales for measuring depression and anxiety. J Psychol. 1967;66(2):303–13. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1967.10544910 6076427

158. Weathers FW, Litz BT, Herman DS, Huska JA, Keane TM. The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. In: Annual Convention of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. San Antonio, TX; 1993.

159. Watson D, O’Hara MW, Simms LJ, Kotov R, Chmielewski M, McDade-Montez EA, et al. Development and Validation of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS). Psychol Assess. 2007;19(3):253–68. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.19.3.253 17845118

160. Skevington SM, Lotfy M, O’ Connell KA. The World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group. Qual Life Res. 2004;13(2):299–310. doi: 10.1023/B:QURE.0000018486.91360.00 15085902

161. Diener E. Subjective well-being. Psychol Bull. 1984;95(3):542–75. 6399758

162. Tennant R, Hiller L, Fishwick R, Platt S, Joseph S, Weich S, et al. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): Development and UK validation. Heal Qual Life. 2007;5.

163. Segal Z V., Williams JMG, Teasdale JD. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford Press; 2002.

164. Wells A. Emotional disorders and metacognition: innovative cognitive therapy. Chichester: Wiley; 2000.

165. MacLeod C, Rutherford E, Campbell L, Ebsworthy G, Holker L. Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: Assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental manipulation of attentional bias. J Abnorm Psychol. 2002;111(1):107–23. 11866165

166. Bohlmeijer E, Prenger R, Taal E, Cuijpers P. The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on mental health of adults with a chronic medical disease: A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2010;68(6):539–44. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.10.005 20488270

167. Chiesa A, Serretti A. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for stress management in healthy perpole: A review and meta-analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(5):593–600. doi: 10.1089/acm.2008.0495 19432513

168. Khoury N, Sharma M, Rush SE, Fournier C. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2015;78(6):519–28. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.009 25818837

169. Kabat-Zinn J. Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion; 1994.

170. Lynch S, Gander M, Kohls N, Kudielka B, Walach H. Mindfulness-based coping with university life: A non-randomized wait-list-controlled pilot evaluation. Stress Heal. 2011;27(5):365–75.

171. Shapiro S. L., Brown K. W., & Biegel GM. Teaching self-care to caregivers: Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the mental health of therapists in training. Train Educ Prof Psychol. 2007;1(2):105–15.

172. Gotink RA, Chu P, Busschbach JJV, Benson H, Fricchione GL, Hunink MGM. Standardised mindfulness-based interventions in healthcare: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):1–17.

173. Beck AT. Thinking and depression: II. Theory and therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1964;10(6):561–71.

174. Psychology S of C. Psychological Treatment: Division 12 of the American Psychological Association [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2017 Feb 20]. Available from: http://www.div12.org/psychological-treatments/

175. Jakobsen JC, Hansen JL, Storebø OJ, Simonsen E, Gluud C. The effects of cognitive therapy versus “no intervention” for major depressive disorder. PLoS One. 2011;6(12).

176. Hanrahan F., Field A. P., Jones F. W., & Davey GCL. A meta-analysis of cognitive therapy for worry in generalized anxiety disorder. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013;33(1):120–32. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.10.008 23168445

177. Ougrin D. Efficacy of exposure versus cognitive therapy in anxiety disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry [Internet]. 2011;11(1):200. Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/11/200

178. Dimidjian S, Barrera M Jr, R. MC, Munoz RF, Lewinsohn PM. The origins and current status of behavioral activation treatments for depression. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2011;7:1–38. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104535 21275642

179. Harris R. Act made simple: An easy-to-read primer on acceptance and commitment therapy. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications; 2009.

180. Hopko DR, Armento MEA, Robertson SMC, Ryba MM, Carvalho JP, Colman LK, et al. Brief behavioral activation and problem-solving therapy for depressed breast cancer patients: Randomized trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011;79(6):834–49. doi: 10.1037/a0025450 21988544

181. Forman EM, Shaw JA, Goetter EM, Herbert JD, Park J, Yuen EK. Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial comparing acceptance and commitment therapy and standard cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety and depression. Behav Ther. 2012;43(4):801–11. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2012.04.004 23046782

182. Kelley TM, Lambert EG. Mindfulness as a Potential Means of Attenuating Anger and Aggression for Prospective Criminal Justice Professionals. Mindfulness (N Y). 2012;3(4):261–74.

183. Waters TEA. Relations between the functions of autobiographical memory and psychological wellbeing. Memory. 2014;22(3):265–75. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2013.778293 23537126