Humpback whale song occurrence reflects ecosystem variability in feeding and migratory habitat of the northeast Pacific

English version

Autoři: John P. Ryan ^aff001; Danelle E. Cline ^aff001; John E. Joseph ^aff002; Tetyana Margolina ^aff002; Jarrod A. Santora ^aff003; Raphael M. Kudela ^aff004; Francisco P. Chavez ^aff001; J. Timothy Pennington ^aff001; Christopher Wahl ^aff001; Reiko Michisaki ^aff001; Kelly Benoit-Bird ^aff001; Karin A. Forney ^aff005; Alison K. Stimpert ^aff007; Andrew DeVogelaere ^aff008; Nancy Black ^aff009; Mark Fischer ^aff010
Působiště autorů: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California, United States of America ^aff001; Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, United States of America ^aff002; Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America ^aff003; Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America ^aff004; Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Moss Landing, California, United States of America ^aff005; Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, California, United States of America ^aff006; Bioacoustics/Vertebrate Ecology, San Jose State University, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, California, United States of America ^aff007; Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, California, United States of America ^aff008; Monterey Bay Whale Watch, Monterey, California, United States of America ^aff009; Aguasonic Acoustics, Santa Clara, California, United States of America ^aff010
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222456

Souhrn

This study examines the occurrence of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) song in the northeast Pacific from three years of continuous recordings off central California (36.713°N, 122.186°W). Song is prevalent in this feeding and migratory habitat, spanning nine months of the year (September–May), peaking in winter (November–January), and reaching a maximum of 86% temporal coverage (during November 2017). From the rise of song in fall through the end of peak occurrence in winter, song length increases significantly from month to month. The seasonal peak in song coincides with the seasonal trough in day length and sighting-based evidence of whales leaving Monterey Bay, consistent with seasonal migration. During the seasonal song peak, diel variation shows maximum occurrence at night (69% of the time), decreasing during dawn and dusk (52%), and further decreasing with increasing solar elevation during the day, reaching a minimum near solar noon (30%). Song occurrence increased 44% and 55% between successive years. Sighting data within the acoustic detection range of the hydrophone indicate that variation in local population density was an unlikely cause of this large interannual variation. Hydrographic data and modeling of acoustic transmission indicate that changes in neither habitat occupancy nor acoustic transmission were probable causes. Conversely, the positive interannual trend in song paralleled major ecosystem variations, including similarly large positive trends in wind-driven upwelling, primary productivity, and krill abundance. Further, the lowest song occurrence during the first year coincided with anomalously warm ocean temperatures and an extremely toxic harmful algal bloom that affected whales and other marine mammals in the region. These major ecosystem variations may have influenced the health and behavior of humpback whales during the study period.

Klíčová slova:

Biology and life sciences – Organisms – Eukaryota – Physical sciences – Psychology – Animals – Social sciences – Vertebrates – Amniotes – Mammals – Zoology – Physics – Behavior – Earth sciences – Ecology and environmental sciences – Ecology – Ecosystems – Animal behavior – Marine biology – Marine and aquatic sciences – Habitats – Seasons – Bioacoustics – Acoustics – Foraging – Animal sexual behavior – Marine mammals – Whales – Humpback whales – Animal migration – Seasonal variations

Zdroje

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Humpback whale song occurrence reflects ecosystem variability in feeding and migratory habitat of the northeast Pacific

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