The performance of different case definitions for severe influenza surveillance among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children aged <5 years in South Africa, 2011–2015
Autoři:
Hetani Ngobeni aff001; Stefano Tempia aff003; Adam L. Cohen aff004; Sibongile Walaza aff003; Lazarus Kuonza aff001; Alfred Musekiwa aff002; Anne von Gottberg aff003; Orienka Hellferscee aff003; Nicole Wolter aff003; Florette K. Treurnicht aff003; Jocelyn Moyes aff003; Fathima Naby aff003; Omphile Mekgoe aff003; Cheryl Cohen aff003
Působiště autorů:
South African Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Johannesburg, South Africa
aff001; School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
aff002; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
aff003; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
aff004; Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa
aff005; MassGenics, Duluth, Georgia, United States of America
aff006; Global Immunization Monitoring and Surveillance Team, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
aff007; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
aff008; School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
aff009
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222294
Souhrn
In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a new severe influenza surveillance case definition, which has not been evaluated in a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence setting. Our study aimed to assess the performance of this proposed case definition in identifying influenza among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected children aged <5 years in South Africa. We prospectively enrolled children aged <5 years hospitalised with physician-diagnosed lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) at two surveillance sites from January 2011 to December 2015. Epidemiologic and clinical data were collected. We tested nasopharyngeal aspirates for influenza using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We used logistic regression to assess factors associated with influenza positivity among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children. We calculated sensitivity and specificity for different signs and symptoms and combinations of these for laboratory-confirmed influenza. We enrolled 2,582 children <5 years of age with LRTI of whom 87% (2,257) had influenza and HIV results, of these 14% (318) were HIV-infected. The influenza detection rate was 5% (104/1,939) in HIV-uninfected and 5% (16/318) in HIV-infected children. Children with measured fever (≥38°C) were two times more likely to test positive for influenza than those without measured fever among the HIV-uninfected (OR 2.2, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.5–3.4; p<0.001). No significant association was observed between fever and influenza infection among HIV-infected children. Cough alone had sensitivity of 95% (95% CI 89–98%) in HIV-uninfected and of 100% (95% CI 79–100%) in HIV-infected children but low specificity: 7% (95% CI 6–8%) and 6% (95% CI 3–9%) in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected children, respectively. The WHO post-2014 case definition for severe acute respiratory illness (SARI—an acute respiratory infection with history of fever or measured fever of ≥ 38°C and cough; with onset within the last ten days and requires hospitalization), had a sensitivity of 66% (95% CI 56–76%) and specificity of 46% (95% CI 44–48%) among HIV-uninfected and a sensitivity of 63% (95% CI 35–84%) and a specificity of 42% (95% CI 36–48%) among HIV-infected children. The sensitivity and specificity of the WHO post-2014 case definition for SARI were similar among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected children. Our findings support the adoption of the 2014 WHO case definition for children aged <5 years irrespective of HIV infection status.
Klíčová slova:
Biology and life sciences – Organisms – People and places – Population groupings – Medicine and health sciences – Microbiology – Medical microbiology – Microbial pathogens – Pathology and laboratory medicine – Pathogens – Physiology – Diagnostic medicine – Signs and symptoms – Infectious diseases – Viral pathogens – Immunodeficiency viruses – HIV – Retroviruses – Lentivirus – Viruses – RNA viruses – Physiological processes – Pulmonology – Respiratory infections – Infectious disease control – Orthomyxoviruses – Influenza viruses – Age groups – Children – Families – Viral diseases – Fevers – Epidemiology – Influenza – Coughing – Infectious disease surveillance – Disease surveillance
Zdroje
1. Juliano AD, Roguski KM, Chang HH, Muscatello DJ, Palekar R, Tempia S, et al. Articles Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study. 2017;6736(17):1–16.
2. Africa S, Cohen AL, Hellferscee O, Pretorius M, Treurnicht F, Walaza S, et al. Epidemiology of Influenza Virus Types and Subtypes. 2015;20(7):2009–12.
3. Tempia S, Walaza S, Viboud C, Cohen AL, Madhi SA, Mcanerney JM, et al. Mortality Associated with Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus among Children less than 5 Years of Age in a High HIV-Prevalence Setting–South Africa, 1998–2009. 2009;1998–2009.
4. Madhi SA, Schoub B, Simmank K, Blackburn N, Klugman KP. I ncreased burden of respiratory viral associated severe lower respiratory tract infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1. 2000;
5. Human Science Research Council. South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour Survey, 2012. Cape Town; 2012.
6. Dorrington RE. Progress towards the 2020 targets for HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment in South Africa. 2020;1–8.
7. Organization WH. WHO Interim Global Epidemiological Surveillance Standards for Influenza. Geneva; 2012.
8. Hirve S, Chadha M, Lele P, Lafond KE, Deoshatwar A. Performance of case definitions used for influenza surveillance among hospitalized patients in a rural area of India. 2012;(August):804–12.
9. Thursky K, Cordova SP, Smith D KH. Working towards a simple case definition for influenza surveillance. J Clin Virol [Internet]. 2003;27(2):170–9. Available from: http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed6&NEWS=N&AN=2003437781 12829039
10. Pretorius MA, Madhi SA, Cohen C, Naidoo D, Groome M, Moyes J, et al. Respiratory Viral Coinfections Identi fi ed by a Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay in Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Illness—South Africa, 2009–2010. 2018;206(January):159–65.
11. Health Department SA. PRACTICE GUIDELINES. 2006.
12. Glencross D, Scott LE, Jani I V, Barnett D, Janossy G. CD45-Assisted Pan Leuco gating for Accurate, Cost-Effective Dual-Platform CD4 T-Cell Enumeration. 2002;77(September 2001):69–77.
13. WHO. WHO global technical consultation: global standards and tools for influenza surveillance. 2011;(March).
14. Fitzner J, Qasmieh S, Mounts W, Alexander B, Besselaar T, Briand S, et al. & practice Revision of clinical case definitions: influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection. 2018;(October 2017):122–8.
15. Gupta V, Dawood FS, Rai SK, Broor S, Wigh R, Mishra AC. Validity of clinical case definitions for influenza surveillance among hospitalized patients: results from a rural community in North India. 2012;321–9.
16. Casalegno J, Eibach D, Valette M, Enouf V, Daviaud I, Behillil S, et al. Performance of influenza case definitions for influenza community surveillance: based on the French influenza surveillance network GROG, 2009–2014. 2014;2009–14.
17. Younkin SW, Betts RF, Roth FK DR. Reduction in fever and symptoms in young adults with influenza A/Brazil/78 H1N1 infection after treatment with aspirin or amantadine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983;23(4):577–82. doi: 10.1128/aac.23.4.577 6859836
18. Tempia S, Walaza S, Moyes J, Cohen AL, von Mollendorf C MM. The Effects of the Attributable Fraction and the Duration of Symptoms on Burden estimates of influenza Associated Respiratory illiness in a high HIV prevalence setting South Africa 2013 to 2015.pdf.
19. Falsey AR, Baran A, Walsh E. Should clinical case definitions of influenza in hospitalized older adults include fever? 2015;23–9.
Článok vyšiel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 9
- Metamizol jako analgetikum první volby: kdy, pro koho, jak a proč?
- Nejasný stín na plicích – kazuistika
- Masturbační chování žen v ČR − dotazníková studie
- Těžké menstruační krvácení může značit poruchu krevní srážlivosti. Jaký management vyšetření a léčby je v takovém případě vhodný?
- Fixní kombinace paracetamol/kodein nabízí synergické analgetické účinky
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Graviola (Annona muricata) attenuates behavioural alterations and testicular oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin in diabetic rats
- CH(II), a cerebroprotein hydrolysate, exhibits potential neuro-protective effect on Alzheimer’s disease
- Comparison between Aptima Assays (Hologic) and the Allplex STI Essential Assay (Seegene) for the diagnosis of Sexually transmitted infections
- Assessment of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity using CareStart G6PD rapid diagnostic test and associated genetic variants in Plasmodium vivax malaria endemic setting in Mauritania