#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

GIVE me your attention: Differentiating goal identification and goal execution components of the anti-saccade effect


Autoři: Owen Myles aff001;  Ben Grafton aff001;  Patrick Clarke aff002;  Colin MacLeod aff001
Působiště autorů: Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia aff001;  Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia aff002
Vyšlo v časopise: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222710

Souhrn

The anti-saccade task is a commonly used method of assessing individual differences in cognitive control. It has been shown that a number of clinical disorders are characterised by increased anti-saccade cost. However, it remains unknown whether this reflects impaired goal identification or impaired goal execution, because, to date, no procedure has been developed to independently assess these two components of anti-saccade cost. The aim of the present study was to develop such an assessment task, which we term the Goal Identification Vs. Execution (GIVE) task. Fifty-one undergraduate students completed a conventional anti-saccade task, and our novel GIVE task. Our findings revealed that individual differences in anti-saccade goal identification costs and goal execution costs were uncorrelated, when assessed using the GIVE task, but both predicted unique variance in the conventional anti-saccade cost measure. These results confirm that the GIVE task is capable of independently assessing variation in the goal identification and goal execution components of the anti-saccade effect. We discuss how this newly introduced assessment procedure now can be employed to illuminate the specific basis of the increased anti-saccade cost that characterises various forms of clinical dysfunction.

Klíčová slova:

Cognitive psychology – Diagnostic medicine – Neurology – Cognitive impairment – Emotions – Vision – Undergraduates – Eye movements


Zdroje

1. van Steenbergen H, Band GPH, Hommel B. Threat but not arousal narrows attention: Evidence from pupil dilation and saccade control. Front Psychol. 2011;2: 1–5.

2. Hutton SB. Cognitive control of saccadic eye movements. Brain Cogn. 2008;68: 327–340. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2008.08.021 19028265

3. Crawford TJ, Parker E, Solis-Trapala I, Mayes J. Is the relationship of prosaccade reaction times and antisaccade errors mediated by working memory? Exp Brain Res. 2011;208: 385–397. doi: 10.1007/s00221-010-2488-8 21107543

4. Olk B, Kingstone A. Why are antisaccades slower than prosaccades ? A novel finding using a new paradigm. Cogn Neurosci Neuropsychol. 2015;14: 1–5.

5. Roberts RJ, Hager LD, Heron C. Prefrental Cognitive Processes : Working Memory and Inhibition in the Antisaccade Task. J Exp Psychol Gen. 1994;123: 374–393.

6. Everling S, Fischer B. The antisaccade: A review of basic research and clinical studies. Neuropsychologia. 1998;36: 885–899. 9740362

7. Carvalho N, Noiret N, Vandel P, Monnin J, Chopard G, Laurent E. Saccadic eye movements in depressed elderly patients. PLoS One. 2014;9: 2–8. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105355 25122508

8. Kitagawa M, Fukushima J, Tashiro K. Relationship between antisaccades and the clinical symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 2010;44: 2285–2289.

9. Manoach DS, Lindgren KA, Barton JJS. Deficient saccadic inhibition in Asperger’s disorder and the social-emotional processing disorder. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75: 1719–1726. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.025981 15548490

10. Derakshan N, Ansari TL, Hansard M, Shoker L, Eysenck MW. Anxiety, inhibition, efficiency, and effectiveness: An investigation using the Antisaccade task. Exp Psychol. 2009;56: 48–55. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169.56.1.48 19261578

11. Ansari TL, Derakshan N. The neural correlates of impaired inhibitory control in anxiety. Neuropsychologia. 2011;49: 1146–1153. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.01.019 21241717

12. Kaufman LD, Pratt J, Levine B, Black SE. Antisaccades: A Probe into the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Alzheimer’s Disease. A Critical Review. J Alzheimer’s Dis. 2010;19: 781–793.

13. de Lissnyder E, Derakshan N, De Raedt R, Koster EHW. Depressive symptoms and cognitive control in a mixed antisaccade task: Specific effects of depressive rumination. Cogn Emot. 2011;25: 886–897. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2010.514711 21824026

14. Sweeney JA, Rosano C, Berman RA, Luna B. Inhibitory control of attention declines more than working memory during normal aging. Neurobiol Aging. 2001;22: 39–47. doi: 10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00175-5 11164275

15. Derakshan N, Eysenck MW. Anxiety, processing efficiency, and cognitive performance: New developments from attentional control theory. Eur Psychol. 2009;14: 168–176. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040.14.2.168

16. Klapetek A, Jonikaitis D, Deubel H. Attention allocation before antisaccades. J Vis. 2016;16: 11. doi: 10.1167/16.1.11 26790843

17. Rey-Mermet A, Gade M, Souza A, von Bastian CC, Oberauer K. Is executive control related to working memory capacity and fluid intelligence? J Exp Psychol Gen. 2019; doi: 10.1037/xge0000593 30958017

18. Zheng Y, Myerson J, Hale S. Age and individual differences in visuospatial processing speed: Testing the magnification hypothesis. Psychon Bull Rev. 2000;7: 113–120. doi: 10.3758/BF03210729 10780024

19. Munoz DP, Everling S. Look away: the anti-saccade task and the voluntary control of eye movement. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004;5: 218–228. doi: 10.1038/nrn1345 14976521

20. Hunt AR, Klein RM. Eliminating the cost of task set reconfiguration. Mem Cogn. 2002;30: 529–539. doi: 10.3758/BF03194954 12184554

21. Liu X, Banich MT, Jacobson BL, Tanabe JL. Common and distinct neural substrates of attentional control in an integrated Simon and spatial Stroop task as assessed by event-related fMRI. Neuroimage. 2004;22: 1097–1106. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.02.033 15219581

22. Soper DS. A-priori Sample Size Calculator for Multiple Regression [Software] [Internet]. http://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc

23. Ansari TL, Derakshan N. Anxiety impairs inhibitory control but not volitional action control. Cogn Emot. 2010;24: 241–254. doi: 10.1080/02699930903381531

24. Wagenmakers EJ, Wetzels R, Borsboom D, van der Maas HLJ. Why Psychologists Must Change the Way They Analyze Their Data: The Case of Psi: Comment on Bem (2011). J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011;100: 426–432. doi: 10.1037/a0022790 21280965

25. Nunnally JC. Psychometric Theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1967.

26. Owen AM, Iddon JL, Hodges JR, Summers BA, Robbins TW. Spatial and non-spatial working memory at different stages of Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychologia. 1997;35: 519–532. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(96)00101-7 9106280

27. Gibson JM, Pimlott R, Kennard C. Ocular motor and manual tracking in Parkinson’s disease and the effect of treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987;50: 853–860. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.50.7.853 3625208

28. Agam Y, Joseph RM, Barton JJS, Manoach DS. Reduced cognitive control of response inhibition by the anterior cingulate cortex in autism spectrum disorders. Neuroimage. 2010;52: 336–347. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.010 20394829


Článok vyšiel v časopise

PLOS One


2019 Číslo 9
Najčítanejšie tento týždeň
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvýšte si kvalifikáciu online z pohodlia domova

Aktuální možnosti diagnostiky a léčby litiáz
nový kurz
Autori: MUDr. Tomáš Ürge, PhD.

Všetky kurzy
Prihlásenie
Zabudnuté heslo

Zadajte e-mailovú adresu, s ktorou ste vytvárali účet. Budú Vám na ňu zasielané informácie k nastaveniu nového hesla.

Prihlásenie

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte sa

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#